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The Optically Active Pigmented (OAP) coatings inspection process was developed by NAVSEA around 2004 to increase the speed and accuracy of tank coatings inspections. In an OAP inspection, violet LED inspection lights illuminate special tank coatings that fluoresce to increase the contrast between coated and uncoated steel.
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The market for protective linings in the oil and gas sector has evolved in the last 30 years, reflecting on both increased performance demands and productivity demands. This paper will review the successes seen with tank linings and the changes seen within the market (legislative, HSE and more aggressive conditions), later, via a case study it will elaborate how these have steered R&D in the development of the next generation of high-performance linings.Finally, the relevance of the American Petroleum Guidance (API652 and 653) to establish their continued relevance in lining selection and inspection intervals will be reviewed along with the utilization of linings to support changing demands (increased life expectancy and inspection intervals).
State Departments of Transportation let contracts for cleaning and application of protective coatings for steel bridge structures, but often lack staff with the training and knowledge to properly address technical issues that may arise on the project. The department’s engineering and inspection staff may be very skilled at administering a wide variety of construction contracts but lack the experience necessary to deal with the unique issues that often arise on painting projects.
The San Mateo Bridge represents the largest application of thick film coatings for protection of a concrete highway bridge in the US to date. This challenging project was undertaken in order to provide a aggressive extension to the expected service life of the new concrete components of the widened bridge. This report provides a brief summary of the coating application process during construction followed by a report of a recent visual inspection performed at the five-year point in service.
Pipeline-D was built in 1997 and was used to transport crude to Gas-Oil Separation Plant-1 (GOSP-1). The pipeline continued operating until it was subjected to intermittent shutdown in 2009 when GOSP-2 was built. As part of the project, 900 meters were added to connect Pipeline-D to GOSP-2.
This paper discusses the history of coatings maintenance on the Golden Gate Bridge and the modern maintenance process including bi-annual inspection, prioritizing, scheduling and execution. Several current projects including water jetting and suspender painting are also discussed.
Fired heaters in coking service are susceptible to carburization damage, which needs to be predicted and managed to prevent unexpected downtime and expedited replacement costs. Carburization damage occurs when carbonaceous material, i.e., coke, is deposited on a steel surface and exposed to high metal temperatures; such are the internal conditions present in fired heater tubes in coking services. At these high temperatures, the carbon diffuses into the steel microstructure and increases the hardness while reducing ductility. At an advanced state, this reduction in ductility may lead to tube failure if a mechanical or thermal shock is applied. The diffusion of carbon can also cause the formation of deleterious chromium carbides in the steel microstructure, reducing the high temperature corrosion resistance in those areas.
The importance of moisture testing of concrete floors cannot be stressed enough. Moisture is a leading cause of coatings failures on concrete floors. There are many ways moisture can affect floor coatings on concrete. Moisture testing alone is not sufficient enough at detecting all of the potential problems. Inspecting a building prior to performing any tests will provide a much clearer picture of the potential problems moisture in both liquid and vapor form can pose.