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The market for protective linings in the oil and gas sector has evolved in the last 30 years, reflecting on both increased performance demands and productivity demands. This paper will review the successes seen with tank linings and the changes seen within the market (legislative, HSE and more aggressive conditions), later, via a case study it will elaborate how these have steered R&D in the development of the next generation of high-performance linings.Finally, the relevance of the American Petroleum Guidance (API652 and 653) to establish their continued relevance in lining selection and inspection intervals will be reviewed along with the utilization of linings to support changing demands (increased life expectancy and inspection intervals).
Traditional internal lining schemes for the storage/transport of crude oil & refined fuels may no longer be appropriate. The aggressive nature of crude oil (high temp. & more sour), high purity refined products & increased use of biofuels demand better linings & more certain test results. The focus of this paper is to review the trends in test methodology from the early 1990’s to present.
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Changing conditions in the Oil and Gas industry are yielding greater corrosion protection challenges to the owners and operators of refineries, terminals, pipelines, railcars etc. Internal lining schemes which have traditionally been used for the storage and transport of crude oil and refined fuels may no longer be appropriate. The aggressive nature of crude oil (higher temperatures and more sour nature), high purity refined products and the increased use of biofuels globally necessitate the demand for better linings and more certain test results.
Historically, the Bureau of Reclamation observed coating service lives of 50 to 80 years when lining its water conveyance structures with coal tar enamel. Changes to regulations have largely eliminated coal tar enamel as a field coating option, and existing coal tar enamel is beginning to show signs of degradation or has already been repaired or recoated. Reclamation has been working to find an appropriate alternative to coal tar enamel.