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At this very moment the equipment, infrastructure and facilities of this nation and of the Department of Defense (DoD) are under attack by a known enemy. This enemy has the ability to work 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The damage, degradation, and deterioration caused by this enemy doesn’t happen overnight; it usually happens over an extended period of time and is often visible to us during the process. That enemy is corrosion!
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It is well known that corrosion has a significant impact on sustainment, system costs, and system availability to the warfighter. Mitigating such impacts is one of the greatest drivers to DoD Science &Technology (S&T) requirements and therefore research programs.
Issues faced by operators with low temperature sandstone reservoirs of only 40°C and 54°C and challenges these low temperatures brought, including high MIC for sulphate scale control and poor chemical retention & release properties during the reservoir condition corefloods.
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are preferred for oil and gas pipelines due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) has been a major problem for the application of HSLA carbon steel because of the wet H2S environment which commonly presents in oil and gas industry. Several techniques are applied to the study of SSC of steels, including constant load test with smooth specimens and DCB testing.
High strength carbon steel tensile wires confined in the annulus of flexible pipes might experience corrosion when the annulus is flooded with water, either due to outer sheath breaches or to condensation of water molecules permeating from the bore through the inner sheath. Carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules may also permeate from the bore and reach the annulus, where it dissolves into water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).
NEPCOAT stands for the Northeast Protective Coating Committee and is comprised of tenmember Departments of Transportation, from Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maine,New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. NEPCOATwas founded in 1992 and has for thirty years evaluated and qualified paint systems for use onbridges, both for shop-applied new steel, and field-applied totally cleaned existing steel.
Metallizing in NH was a coating used only sparingly in the past at critical locations on two major bridges. Its greater use was severely limited by the lack of qualified applicators, absence from bridge fabricator operations, and overall excessive cost. This picture changed dramatically with the impetus of the new metallized Memorial Bridge project and the massive investment in metallizing equipment at a large local bridge fabricator that made metallizing possible for this bridge. The successful use and ten-year performance of the thermal spray coating (TSC), i.e. metallizing, on this bridge has had a significant impact on metallized New England bridges tofollow.
As traditional reserves deplete onshore and offshore, the oil industry is moving into increasingly deeper waters and harsh environments in the pursuit of hydrocarbons. As the industry drills deeper, the challenges that face infrastructure increase markedly with the longstanding issues of corrosion. One of the major challenges to corrosion management is the extreme pressure and temperature.
Traditionally, a zinc-rich primer, epoxy midcoat and polyurethane topcoat have been the standard 3-coat solvent borne system used for coating structural steel, such as in the maintenance of bridges. This study describes the performance of waterborne acrylic coating systems in an accelerated testing protocol including corrosion resistance and cyclic weathering. A comparison of systems based solely on waterborne acrylic coatings, as well as hybrid systems (e.g., zinc rich primer with waterborne topcoats), to the industry standard will be discussed.
Cast Iron with its ancient history, traced back to 6th century BCE1, has been used for centuries to anything from manhole covers & fire hydrants to bridges. However, the development of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (SGCI) or Nodular Cast Iron, in the 1940’s, with resulting improvement in mechanical properties such as ductility and fracture toughness, paved the way for further growth in industrial usage of cast iron.2 The material has been adopted by several industries such as automotive-, nuclear-, and wind turbine industry. During the last decade, SCGI has gained increased attention as construction material for subsea equipment in offshore oil & gas production, mainly competing with welded and bolted steel assemblies.
The USMC CPAC Program provides a holistic approach to corrosion engineering on ground vehicles. This starts with the acquisition of a new system, where CPAC will work with the Program Manager (PM) to develop the contractual requirements for corrosion prevention and aid in the evaluation and verification of an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to meeting those requirements.
In November 2004 ISO 19840 was published to provide a consistent method for the measurement of coatings applied to structural steel for corrosion prevention. This new standard includes methods for the adjustment of gauges to take account of surface roughness, the designation of inspection areas and the use of acceptance criteria.