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High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are preferred for oil and gas pipelines due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) has been a major problem for the application of HSLA carbon steel because of the wet H2S environment which commonly presents in oil and gas industry. Several techniques are applied to the study of SSC of steels, including constant load test with smooth specimens and DCB testing.
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) has been a concern for the use of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel in oil and gas industry. A novel methodology named notch tensile slow strain rate test (NTSSRT) is used to obtain the threshold stress intensity factor KISSC to quantify SSC resistance of HSLA carbon steel. In this study we evaluate the effect of the strain rate and specimen gage diameter, on KISSC assessed by NTSSRT method. The testing is performed in environment with different H2S concentrations at pH of 3.5. At the same H2S concentration, the KISSC value decreases with a decline in strain rate due to the longer immersion time at slower strain rate. For 40%-notched specimen (notch diameter/gage diameter = 0.6), KISSC is independent on the specimen gage diameter when the gage diameter is larger than 0.125 in.
The drive towards renewable energy, requirement for reduction in fossil fuel consumption and emission of carbon dioxide has received substantial attention from governments and researchers worldwide during the last few decades [1]. The exploration of renewable sources of energy has been grouped into wind, geothermal, tidal and solar energy. Solar energy has shown great promise due to the abundant amount of energy reaching the Earth [2, 3]. Electricity generation from solar irradiation can be achieved by photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal conversion [4].
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Maintaining the integrity of oilfield equipment is essential to its safe operation and to maximize the efficiency of production. The integrity of oilfield equipment can rely on material selection and control of conditions, however, it is commonly maintained by the applications of chemical corrosion inhibitors (CI). Prior to use, these chemicals must be shown to perform as desired under the field conditions in question. To achieve this, chemicals are often evaluated using robust laboratory-based screening studies to identify potential candidates.
Proper surface preparation to create sufficient adhesion of a coating over the substrate is fundamentally important in the long-life performance of a protective coating. Abrasive blast cleaning provides a fast and well-established method of surface preparation, which utilizes energy generated by an air supply to deliver a mass of abrasive particles at certain speeds and volumes to impact the steel resulting in a cleaned surface. The method not only cleans the surface to remove rust, scale, paint, and similar contaminations, but also roughens the surface to produce mechanical and chemical adhesion for a coating. Therefore, abrasive blasting is the preferred method for preparing steel for the application of high-performance coatings and routinely used for achieving the required surface conditions prior to a coating work.