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Gas Oil Hydrotreating Unit uses a catalytic hydrotreating process employing a selective catalyst and a hydrogen-rich gas stream to decompose organic sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds contained in the feed. The products of these reactions are the contaminant free hydrocarbon, along with H2S and NH3. Other Treating reactions include halide removal and aromatic saturation. Reactor effluent is cooled in series of Combined Feed Exchangers followed by REAC for product separation. The reactor effluent system is prone for corrosion and fouling due to salting of NH4HS and NH4Cl. Most of the failure analysis studies and literature available in public domain regarding reactor effluent corrosion deals with the corrosion in the REAC and its outlet piping.
During a turnaround inspection of a Gasoil Hydrotreater, severe metal loss was observed in the Reactor Effluent Product Condenser Inlet piping. The thickness loss was on the straight horizontal piping portion downstream of continuous wash water injection point. Metal loss is confined to top portion i.e., 10 to 2 o’clock position of the piping only. Corrosion rates in excess of 1mm/year were noticed. The unusual observation was that there was no significant thickness loss at point of water injection or immediate downstream piping, but loss was predominantly on straight portion after 5 directional change. Process simulation, Ionic Equilibria modelling and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of the REAC inlet system was performed. This paper explains how the location of wash water injection and type of injection device has influenced the corrosion in the REAC inlet piping. Based on the study, it was identified that stratification of flow and inadequate scrubbing of reactor effluent vapor by wash water has led to HCl/NH4Cl corrosion. Subsequently it was recommended to shift the wash-water injection location to vertical section of the piping and to change the injection type from quill to spray nozzle
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and other polymeric materials are used in many ways to reduce and manage corrosion damage for industrial, infrastructure and municipal applications. It is common practice to use the term “resin” for polymers in these materials. This paper uses polymer interchangeably with resin. This paper will also only consider glass fiber reinforcements.
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As traditional reserves deplete onshore and offshore, the oil industry is moving into increasingly deeper waters and harsh environments in the pursuit of hydrocarbons. As the industry drills deeper, the challenges that face infrastructure increase markedly with the longstanding issues of corrosion. One of the major challenges to corrosion management is the extreme pressure and temperature.
Cast Iron with its ancient history, traced back to 6th century BCE1, has been used for centuries to anything from manhole covers & fire hydrants to bridges. However, the development of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (SGCI) or Nodular Cast Iron, in the 1940’s, with resulting improvement in mechanical properties such as ductility and fracture toughness, paved the way for further growth in industrial usage of cast iron.2 The material has been adopted by several industries such as automotive-, nuclear-, and wind turbine industry. During the last decade, SCGI has gained increased attention as construction material for subsea equipment in offshore oil & gas production, mainly competing with welded and bolted steel assemblies.