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UNS N08935 is a new versatile super austenitic alloy with extreme pitting resistance as indicated by its pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of 52. It can be used in a broader temperature range than superduplex and hyperduplex stainless steels, offers good weldability and is more cost-effective than Nickel-based materials which make the grade a good candidate for O&G applications, refineries, and chemical industries.1,2
Twisting and U-bending of heat exchanger tubing are common practices employed to enhance operating conditions and plant design. Both methods result in cold plastic deformation which can have an impact on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the material. This paper is focused on the effect of the cold plastic deformation on austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08935) and the necessity of subsequent solution annealing. The material qualification was evaluated by mechanical and corrosion properties using results of hardness, pitting corrosion resistance (ASTM G48 Method C), and stress corrosion cracking in sour conditions (NACE TM0177). The results will be able to demonstrate if the cold work deformation on alloy 35Mo will affect the use of this alloy in heat exchangers applications in the refinery industry in the coldworked condition without the need of re-solution annealing.
Although the form and function of a well-designed building are important, it is the long-term performance and durability of a building and its components that will be important to the owner(s) and occupants. Therefore, during the design of buildings, the selection of the appropriate materials and understanding the long-term performance of the specified materials exposed to various site-specific environmental conditions is critical in avoiding the potential “failure by design”. The case study presented will focus on the coating failure by design, that could have been avoided by the original design and construction team and resulted in costly litigation and eventually the complete removal of a key architectural element on two high-rise condominium buildings located along the Florida coastline
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In the war on corrosion and wear, maintenance repair engineers will be hard pressed to find a plating material as strong as chrome. It has high hardness, high lubricity, low wear resistance, and maintains some of its hardness even after being exposed to high temperatures. However, there’s increasing pressure to find an alternative to this material due to the worker safety and environmental issues it presents. Regularly, hard chrome is electroplated where it is needed using a plating solution containing chromium trioxide. Chromium trioxide is registered with both REACH(1) and the EPA(2) as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC) of gas transmission lines constitute about 2.6% of the total number of significant incidents recorded in the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration (PHMSA) database [1]. For the hydrocarbon liquid pipelines, the EAC-related incidents constitute about 1%. Although Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) incidents are a relatively small percentage of significant incidents, it is important to predict the location and rate of growth of SCC because of the potential for catastrophic consequences from the growth of undetected cracks.