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Many pipelines within water and wastewater treatment plants that were constructed within the last 50 years are nearing the end of their service lives. Owners have invested in condition assessments to help them make the difficult decision to repair or replace these pipelines.
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Development of new oil and gas fields is likely to involve sour reserves to an increasing degree. Sourproduction often brings about difficulties in terms of asset integrity, related particularly to corrosionmitigation. Employing corrosion resistant alloys implies a considerable escalation in investment costs. On this basis the use of carbon steel and CO2/H2S corrosion inhibition remains a highly desirableoption.
External corrosion on offshore O&G platforms is one of the biggest threats to asset integrity and its management is a large operational expense. Many operators now implement risk-based assessment (RBA) programs where all equipment is assessed periodically with the aim to reduce operational costs while maintaining integrity. Regulatory codes for offshore platforms in the GoM require a visual inspection of all pressure equipment and piping every five-years. In practice, this can equate to approximately 20% of equipment being inspected per year on a large-sized offshore platform (i.e., a topside weight of around 10,000 tons), with a rolling five-year inspection plan to balance the inspection workload evenly through time.
A vessel docked for maintenance is a vessel out of service. For military forces, this significantly affects the readiness of that force, its ability to respond quickly and appropriately to a developing situation. It is for this reason that the United States Navy continues to search for and invest in innovations that improve maintenance turn-around times as well as innovations that keep vessels in service for longer periods of time. In large-scale construction and manufacturing industries such as shipbuilding and naval maintenance, coating removal is an essential but time-consuming process required for constructing and maintaining vessels and other structures.
This paper details a precision process for removal of coatings and preparation of the metal surface underneath for optimal chemical adhesion without damaging the metal surface or the surface profile. A precision process is required for removal of coatings around corroded surfaces, potentially defective structures, or thin-walled ligaments where abrasive removal procedures will damage the substrate. In these cases, removing metal will worsen or cause a defect where replacement is expensive. A precision tool that can safely remove the coating, allow for inspection, and enhance adhesion for recoating is needed. This type of tool would enhance existing repair technologies and eliminate the immediate need for replacement.
Oil and gas production in a CO2 saturated environment is known to lead to corrosion due to dissolved carbonic acid. However, when the conditions are favorable, a protective FeCO3 layer can also form which reduces the material degradation of the underlying steel by up to ten or a hundred times.1 The formation of FeCO3 is possible via the reaction shown in equation 1.
Coating degradation on Army ground systems represents a significant maintenance cost and effort. The objective of this proposed work is to develop a predictive model for coating degradation and subsequent substrate corrosion on Army ground assets. Provided with a better understanding of the root causes, steps can be taken to reduce corrosion impacts on Army materiel.
Variability of operation and practices can lead to mechanical integrity issues of equipment. A similar case was observed when an external UT survey was conducted on a biocide storage tank that showed localized areas of metal loss in the tank wall. The tank was opened for inspection and extensive internal corrosion damage was observed mainly in the form of large isolated pits. Three potential corrosion mitigation options were evaluated: upgrading the tank material from coated carbon steel to 316 stainless steel, installing a non-metallic lining, or keeping using the coated carbon steel and changing the operation practices. Each mitigation option was evaluated based integrity, feasibility, and economic factors. It was found that keeping the coated carbon steel and adjusting the operation practices can ensure the integrity of the tank while lowering the required economical investment. As such, a new operation manual was issued for the biocide storage tanks that ensured that the corrosion inducing environments are avoided.
The brake system is a core component of cars, motorbikes, bikes, airplanes etc.. Its main task is to modulate the speed of moving vehicles by converting the kinetic energy into heat.1,2 In the case of modern cars or motorbikes, the speed modulation can be performed by using the so-called disc-brake system.1,2,3,4,5,6 This generates the braking torque by forcing two brake pads against a disc by the means of a caliper.2,3,5,6 In the case of cars, the disc and the caliper are enclosed within each wheel and, as a consequence, can be exposed to corrosion phenomena, mostly related with atmospheric or environmental conditions.1,3,7,8
When it comes to a bridge structure with a serviceable Organic Zinc / Epoxy / Urethane (OZ/E/U) coating system, there is no golden answer on the most cost-effective maintenance painting strategy. Depending on the severity and amount of corrosion and coating breakdown on the structure, planned maintenance surface preparations range from spot power tool cleaning and spot painting to a full SSPC-SP 10 media blast and full recoating operation.
This paper provides an overview of the electrochemical passivation process, history of the BurlingtonSkyway, description of the installation process, treatment results and up to 30 years of monitoringresults for the structure.
In the oil and gas industry, thermally sprayed aluminum (TSA) coatings are commonly used, primarily, to reduce anode demand in cathodic protection systems and impart some degree of sacrificial protection in the topsides and splash zone areas. The use of TSA coatings has advantages in systems where long service life is required. TSA coatings are also used to reduce the formation of calcareous deposits, normally a combination of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2, on heat exchanger piping.