AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

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Evaluation Of Corrosion Pitting In A 317L Stainless Steel Surface Condenser Tube Bundle

Product Number: 51322-17564-SG

Author: Mel J. Esmacher, Edward R. Blessman, Kumar Kembaiyan

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The power plant is a natural gas-fired, combined cycle plant with three combustion turbines and a single steam turbine. A large stainless steel surface condenser is used to condense steam off of the turbine, and provide high purity steam condensate return to the boiler system. The steam condenser was put into service approximately 15 years ago. This plant takes makeup water for its open recirculating cooling tower water system from a river location that is inland from an ocean coastal area.

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Evaluation of Seawater Treatments to Mitigate the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steels and CRAs Rigid Pipeline During Pre-Commissioning Operations and Long-Term Wet Storage

Product Number: 51324-21050-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur; Quang-Tung Tran; Krystel Pélissier; Nicolas Larché

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Once installed at the seabed, subsea rigid pipes in Carbon steel (CS), Low Alloys Steels (LAS) or in Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) can be wet stored for various durations. During this idle period, the lines can be filled with natural seawater generally treated with different types of chemicals, to mitigate localized corrosion initiation of stainless steel or the general corrosion of carbon steel. The chemicals are usually oxygen scavengers combined with or without biocides and corrosion inhibitor. Field experiences show that satisfying efficiency is obtained with some chemical’s combination. However, only few data are available in the literature to quantify separately the actual benefit of these chemicals and their combination. The needs to investigate sustainable alternative chemicals for these wet storage operations are also anticipated. In order to quantify the individual and synergistic effects of the selected chemicals, API 5L X65 carbon steel and UNS S31603 stainless steel were exposed for one year in seawater treated by different available combinations of oxygen scavenger, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors. Environmental-friendly chemicals have also been assessed as possible alternatives to conventional biocides. The corrosion rate of carbon steel coupons immersed in specific exposure cells, that simulate the confined exposure conditions during the wet storage, have then been determined by weight loss measurements after 3 weeks, 2, 6, and 12 months. The impact of the treatments on the corrosion rate and the bacterial activity have also been studied by Dissolved Oxygen Content (DOC) and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) monitoring, Electric Resistance (ER) measurements, and bacterial analysis. The current investigation shows that low DOC levels have been achieved which inhibited the so-called “biofilm ennoblement” of stainless steel. Thus, no corrosion occurred for UNS S31603. Such results are also applicable to most CRAs under similar exposure environment. The synergic effects of oxygen scavenger, biocides and corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion rate of carbon steel are also discussed.

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Evaluation of Susceptibility of 316L to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Aqueous Ammonium Chloride Environments with Low Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51324-20875-SG

Author: Jonas Sa; Alexander Saul; Monir Aljaradli; Dana Abdeen; Nicholas Laycock

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion of stainless steel in applied industrial environments continues to be an area of concern for various refining operators. It is well accepted that a certain concentration of dissolved oxygen is required for chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, there are some environments where it is suspected that chloride SCC can occur even in the absence of dissolved oxygen. The susceptibility to SCC of 316L stainless steel has been studied in the pursuit of extending operating boundaries at higher temperatures under low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests have been carried out for various temperatures and ammonium chloride concentrations under low dissolved oxygen conditions. The susceptibility to SCC was assessed in terms of the relative reduction in area (RRA). Detailed fractography and cross section inspections were used to identify the damage mechanisms. The implications of this behavior and its influence on improving material selection have been discussed.

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Evaluation of the Potential for Liquid Metal Embrittlement of 304L Stainless Steel by Galvanized Fasteners in an Industrial Fire Scenario

Product Number: 51317--9192-SG

ISBN: 9192 2017 CP

Author: Ramon Solo

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Transfer of Zn from hot-dipped and mechanically galvanized steel bolting to stainless steel by exposing a 304L stainless steel/Galvanized bolting assembly to temperatures in the range 205°C to 537°C for one hour to simulate an industrial fire scenario.

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Field Application of Corrosion Resistant Weld Overlay in Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Boiler Waterwalls

Product Number: 51320-14660-SG

Author: Jun Jiang, Bingtao Li

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Weld overlay has been successfully used to mitigate high temperature corrosion issues in coal-fired boilers since the1990s, such as in waterwall and superheater/reheater area. Weld overlay is typically applied in shop or field by using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process for boiler waterwall application, and the overlay welding is performed in vertical down welding mode (3G welding position) in subcritical and supercritical boiler waterwall applications. With the rapid development of coal-fired boiler market in China, ultra-supercritical boilers are becoming the dominated boiler type which often has spiral waterwall design. Most of ultra-supercritical coal-fired boiler waterwall consists of CrMo steel tubes, which could suffer severe high temperature corrosion attack after the installation of low NOx burners. It is expected that weld overlay could provide a long-term high temperature corrosion protection for ultra-supercritical boiler waterwall based on previous weld overlay study and application experience. However, for the spiral waterwall with inclined tube design, its field overlay welding is highly challenging and significantly different from typical vertical boiler waterwall overlay welding. The challenge and difference include welding position, welding sequence, welding parameters, and overlay properties, etc. This paper presents a successful field application of 309L stainless steel and 622 Ni-based alloy weld overlay on the spiral waterwall of an ultra-supercritical coal-fired boiler, including the welding development, simulation, and experience of overlay welding on the inclined tubes, along with the characterization of the weld overlay applied.

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From 6Mo To Ni-Base – Characterizing The Corrosion Performance Of Two Important Material Groups

Product Number: 51322-17935-SG

Author: Björn Helmersson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stainless steels and Ni-base alloys are often considered as construction materials in applications where highly corrosive conditions are expected. High levels of halides, low pH and high temperatures are factors that often contribute to the selection of such materials.

Ten different alloys have been included in this work, representing a range of highly alloyed stainless steels and Ni-base alloys. The purpose has been to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steels with alloying content in the 6Mo range or higher, and competing Ni-base materials. The austenitic grade N08904 and two super-duplex grades have also been included for reference.

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Galvanic Corrosion in Water & Wastewater Structures: Coupling Stainless and Carbon Metals Leads to Accelerated Corrosion

Product Number: 41214-840-SG

Author: Vaughn O’Dea, Travis C. Tatum, Pat Barry, Paul B. Higgins

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

Stainless steel is selected for use in the municipal waterworks industry because of its inherent corrosion resistance properties. Designers oftentimes overlook the associated problems with coupling stainless steel with carbon steel metals. When these materials are electrically connected and placed into aqueous environments (immersion service) accelerated corrosion of the anodic carbon steel metal is initiated.

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Geothermal Corrosion: High-Temperature Pitting of Stainless Steels and Ni-Alloys

Product Number: 51317--9269-SG

ISBN: 9269 2017 CP

Author: Walter Bogaerts

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The temperature dependence of the pitting corrosion resistance of a number of stainless steels, Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo materials in a series of high-temperature high-pressure chloride solutions, with or without addition of various (inhibitive) anions: SO4=, HCO3-, PO43-, OH-, etc.

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Historical Perspective of Corrosion by Potable waters in Building Systems

Product Number: 93509-SG

Author: Arthur Cohen

Publication Date: 1993

$20.00

Corrosion can be a costly and annoying concern in a building's potable water

The forms of corrosion that can occur include:

1) General Corrosion

2) Pitting Attack

3) Concentration Cell Corrosion

4) Dealloying

5) Erosion Corrosion

6) Galvanic Corrosion

These corrosion forms can be avoided by a number of techniques including materials selection, system design and chemical treatment of the water.

Coatings, sometimes in conjunction with cathodic protection, have been used to mitigate the corrosion of storage tanks in building systems, but are not addressed in this paper.

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Hydrogen Embrittlement of SS316L Instrument Tubing in a Hydroprocessing Unit

Product Number: 513020-14357-SG

Author: Siew Leong Wai, Rajaram Chidambaram, John Richert, Jorge Perdomo

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

An unexpected failure of 316L Stainless Steel instrument tubing occurred in a high pressure Hydroprocessing unit resulting in a shutdown of the unit. The tubing system consisted of a compression type fitting commonly used in instrument systems and had only been in service for 3 years when the failure occurred. The failed tubing samples were removed for metallurgical analysis and determination of damage mechanism.

Metallurgical analysis and finite element analysis of the tubing identified excessive cold working leading to hydrogen embrittlement as the primary mode of failure. This paper details the investigation into the failure to arrive at the root cause and the preventive measures adopted to assess the installed population of tubing in similar service.

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Improved Localized Corrosion Models For Stainless Steels In Aqueous Chloride Environments With Low Levels Of Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51322-17955-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan, Sinchana Rao, Tom Bos, Andrzej Anderko, Deepti Ballal

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In Upstream, CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) are widely selected to handle seawater and brines in piping, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, vessels, and seawater injection^1-4. Also, disposal of produced water is commonly performed through injection into spent fields. Water from a variety of sources including produced water, seawater and surface/fresh water may also be injected to create pressure drive for existing fields. Usually dissolved oxygen (DO) is not fully controlled when there are multiple sources of injection water and sometimes even possibility of injection of fully oxygenated water exists. For oxygenated seawater, the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number = %Cr + 3.3 *(%Mo + 0.5 %W) + 16 %N) shall be >40 and limits are applied to the temperature4. Other applications involve Solid CRA or cladded production pipelines which may get flooded with seawater during installation and precommissioning.

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In Situ Electrochemical Testing of Stainless Steel Surfaces

Product Number: 51321-16227-SG

Author: James D. Fritz

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance