AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

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Characterization of Stress-Corrosion-Cracking in Plutonium-Bearing Storage Containers

Product Number: 51324-20845-SG

Author: Emmanuel Perez; Roderick E. Fuentes; Michael J. Martínez-Rodríguez; Henry Ajo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Integrated Surveillance Program, under the Department of Energy, is responsible for the periodic surveillance of storage containers containing plutonium-bearing materials. The container-package consist of a stainless-steel three-layered structure with a convenience can that confines the material, and seal-welded inner and outer cans designed to isolate the materials for up to 50 years with minimal surveillance. The inner-can represents the first layer of material containment, and it should not be breached. During monitoring, corrosion-pitting and suspected stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) has been identified in some of the inner cans near the weld regions due to the transport of chloride salts and water impurities into the space between the convenience can and the inner can. SCC through wall penetration would result in an undesired increased risk of leakage. An investigation is in progress to identify and characterize corrosion events in the inner-cans to determine the prevalence of corrosion features and the likelihood of a through-wall breach. This document presents a specimen where significant pitting corrosion and cracking was observed in and near the heat affected zone between the can and the lid. Characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 3D-tomography. Tomography was carried out using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to mill into the surface of the specimen to map the subsurface topographies of pits and cracks. The study revealed the crack depth and secondary cracks that developed from cracks observed at the surface.

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Chemical Inertness, Reproducibility And Coke Deposition For Coated And Non-Coated AISI 347 Tubes

Product Number: 51321-16623-SG

Author: Micael Presa Aller/ Sanjay Lodha/ Andres Tomás Aguayo/ Ana Guadalupe Gayubo

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Chemical Treatment To Mitigate Polythionic Acid SCC Without A Soda-Ash Wash: Laboratory And Plant Experience

Product Number: 51322-17993-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, K.J. Evans, N. Sutton, J. Esteban

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Different refiners have a variety of procedures in place for hydroprocessing reactor and reactor system shutdowns, depending on the scope of the work to be performed during the downtime. If activities are to be performed inside the reactor (e.g. inspection, maintenance, catalyst changeout, etc.) such that the reactor must be opened to air, shutdowns must include steps to address the various hazards. These same steps must also be applied to associated process equipment related to the reactor system susceptible to similar hazards and damage mechanisms.

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Comparison of stress corrosion cracking behavior of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni- based high chromium stainless steels in HPHT CO2 environments

Product Number: 51320-14695-SG

Author: Yameng Qi, Chunxia Zhang, Zhonghua Zhang

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys in HTHP CO2 environments was investigated through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) and electrochemical methods. The results show that a remarkable decrease in tensile strength and elongation to failure was observed when testing in CO2 environment as compared with air. Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys possessed better SCC resistance than Fe13Cr5Ni-based alloys. The increase of Cr and Ni content tended to enhance the resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion. The SCC behaviors of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys were closely associated with the repassivation capacity and the resistance to pitting corrosion.

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Contribution Of Cathodic Reaction Inside Crevice On Propagation Of Crevice Corrosion Of 304L SS In Chloride Solution

Product Number: ED22-17321-SG

Author: Kazuki Yakata, Yutaka Watanabe, Yuichi Fukaya

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

On March 2011 at Fukushima Daiichi NPS, seawater was injected into spent fuel pools just after the accident for emergency cooling. The temperature of the water in a pool raised up to 93 ℃, and the chloride ion concentration raised up to 1,944 ppm (maximum) after seawater injection. In this high temperature and high chloride ion concentration environment, localized corrosion including crevice corrosion may have occurred on components made of passive metals such as stainless steels. The environment is assumed to be susceptible to crevice corrosion for 304 SS based on laboratory experiments and the concept of ER, CREV. There is a low possibility of initiating localized corrosion after the water was purified and deoxygenated. However, it is not certain whether localized corrosion, once initiated and propagated under the severe condition, will repassivate after the bulk water is purified. It is necessary to examine the continuity of crevice corrosion propagation when the bulk water is purified and deaerated, which means the cathodic reactions outside the crevice will no longer contribute to the propagation of the corrosion.

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Corrosion Behavior Of Stainless Steel Food Processing Equipment In Low Ph Environments

Product Number: 51322-17783-SG

Author: Suresh Divi, Harbinder Pordal

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Food consists mainly of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Processed foods contain diverse aqueous solutions, syrups, and additives, used to improve food appearance, taste, quality and preservation. They have a wide pH range, components such as, salt, water, and vinegar impact food corrosivity.

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Corrosion Investigation Of Five Stainless Steels In Oil-Gas-Water Multiphase Flow Containing H2S, CO2 And Chloride

Product Number: 51322-18121-SG

Author: Peike Zhu, Honglan Zou, Qinghua Wang, Junzheng Yang, Yanzhao Yu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

M. B. Kermani pointed out that 25% of equipment failures in the oil and gas industry are caused by corrosion, and more than half of corrosion events are related to produced fluids containing CO₂ and H₂S. In recent years, the exploitation of sour oil and gas fields (containing H₂S or H₂S/CO₂ mixture) has become more and more common, and prominent problems such as tubing ruptures caused by pitting and uniform corrosion have appeared. In oil fields containing CO₂ and H₂S, local corrosion is a key factor restricting the selection of tubing and casing materials. In an oilfield containing CO2 and H2S in the Middle East, the authors corroded coupons on site, and carried out indoor simulation experiments for the problems found in the field test. The authors systematically studied 13Cr, S13Cr, 22Cr, 25Cr and 2550 in the presence of H₂S, CO₂ and high mineralization.

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Corrosion Investigations of Copper Alloys and Cast Stainless Steel Used for Drinking Water Applications

Product Number: 51324-20723-SG

Author: Luca Blanka Boncz; Jens Lykke Sørensen; Lotte Holmegaard; Morten Stendahl Jellesen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Brass alloys are considered corrosion-resistant in potable water. However, chloride, disinfectants, and high flow rates were reported to weaken pipes, leading to leaks and damage. The degradation of copper alloys causes concern as metal ion release may affect water taste and human health in high concentrations. Therefore, materials with improved flow corrosion properties and increased corrosion resistance are needed. Failure investigations were performed on C52100 brass domestic water flowmeters by visual inspection, microstructural analysis with scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The failure is mostly initiated by high local flow rates causing erosion corrosion attacks with dezincification. The corrosion behavior of C52100 (phosphor bronze), C89520 (Se-Bi brass), and S31600 (stainless steel) was investigated and compared to C27453 (brass) in drinking water with varying contents of chloride, ammonia, and chlorine by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion tests. Furthermore, flowmeters (made of C27453 and C89520) were installed in a flow test setup to investigate flow induced conditions in a laboratory environment with aggressive drinking water. Immersion tests, flow tests, and potentiodynamic investigations show that brass corrodes at a higher rate than bronze, Se-Bi brass, and stainless steel in such environments.

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Corrosion of Stainless Steels AISI 304 and AISI 316 Induced by Sulfare Reducing Bacteria in Anoxic Groundwater

Product Number: 51317--9359-SG

ISBN: 9359 2017 CP

Author: Pauliina Rajala

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Electrochemical techniques enabling real-time survey of corrosion, such as multi-electrode arrays sensors (MASS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were used to detect the differences in electrochemical behavior of two stainless steels.

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Corrosion of Stainless Steels and Titanium in Bromide-Containing Solutions

Product Number: 51312-01253-SG

ISBN: 01253 2012 CP

Author: Bahri Ozturk

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Experiments to determine the critical pitting temperature of several alloys in calcium bromide solutions using the ASTM G150 electrochemical critical pitting test procedures. Similar experiments were also conducted in solutions containing equal concentrations (by weight) of chlorides and bromide.

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Corrosion Of UNS S31603 Under Partial Upgrading Of Bitumen Using Thermal Cracking

Product Number: 51322-18059-SG

Author: Xue Han, Kaiyang Li, Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

With the rapid economic development and the dramatic population growth, the demand on clean energy is continuously increasing.¹ Due to the depletion of conventional crude oil reserves, the unconventional oil resources such as oil sands become more attractive.² Canada has a total estimated oil sands reserves of 161.4 billion barrels by the end of 2020, accounting for 9.3% of the global reserves.3 The bitumen in the oil sands is extracted and transported through pipelines to the refineries with refining capabilities in Canada and the United States where the raw bitumen is processed to produce marketable synthetic crude oil (SCO). The proposed TransCanada system planned to connect the Alberta bituminous oil sands to the refineries as far as in Texas.⁴

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Corrosion Performance of Candidate Constructional Steels under Batch-mode Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Conditions

Product Number: 51320-15484-SG

Author: Haoyu Wang, Yimin Zeng, Minkang Liu, Chunbao Charles Xu

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet and waste biomass feedstocks into crude bio-oils and other chemicals has attracted particular attention in Canadian and international clean energy sectors. Until today, very little effort has been employed to address corrosion problems of HTL core components under operation, leading to a significant delay in the construction of industrial-scale HTL plants. In fact, a range of oxygenated, aggressive sulfur and/or chlorinated compounds, as well as organic acids, can be introduced during the conversion at the operating temperature range of 200–400℃, consequently creating highly corrosive environments to the reactor alloys. It is thus important to investigate the performance of alloys exposed to conversion processes to determine the cost-effective construction and long-term safe operation of the HTL plants. In this study, the corrosion resistance of two candidate austenitic stainless steels, including UNS S31000 and UNS S31603, was assessed in a batch reactor containing bamboo feedstock. The corrosion behaviors of the austenitic stainless steels were evaluated using weight change measurement methods and advanced microscopy techniques. To advance corrosion mechanistic understanding, the chemistry of conversion products was also analyzed. This paper is a summary of our most recent results obtained.

Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

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