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Variability of operation and practices can lead to mechanical integrity issues of equipment. A similar case was observed when an external UT survey was conducted on a biocide storage tank that showed localized areas of metal loss in the tank wall. The tank was opened for inspection and extensive internal corrosion damage was observed mainly in the form of large isolated pits. Three potential corrosion mitigation options were evaluated: upgrading the tank material from coated carbon steel to 316 stainless steel, installing a non-metallic lining, or keeping using the coated carbon steel and changing the operation practices. Each mitigation option was evaluated based integrity, feasibility, and economic factors. It was found that keeping the coated carbon steel and adjusting the operation practices can ensure the integrity of the tank while lowering the required economical investment. As such, a new operation manual was issued for the biocide storage tanks that ensured that the corrosion inducing environments are avoided.
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The Enbridge External Corrosion Prevention team (ECP) is developing an Integrated External Corrosion Management (IECM) process by which management of external corrosion control systems can be optimized whilemaintaining asset integrity and safety. IECM is intended to provide a methodology by which operators can move from a traditional reactive approach to a state-of-the-art proactive strategy commensurate with industry expertise and technology. Here we discuss a case study intended to demonstrate and assess the outcomes of IECM. The subject is a 12-inch diameter crude oil pipeline located in North America. Results of the process reveal opportunities for improvement and efficiencies in operation and maintenance (O&M).
In 2000 the National Science Foundation estimated that the market for nanotechnology products will be over one trillion US dollars by 2015 and that the industry would employ over 200 million workers. These numbers have been subsequently quoted from funding applications to government policy documents, but at the halfway point many of the revolutionary and disruptive technologies predicted have failed to emerge. Indeed, seven years on from the inception of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, there appears to be little sign of a nanotechnology-based industry, although significant amounts of R&D are being undertaken by various industries.
As oil and gas operators ramp up their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint, more and more renewable energy projects will be constructed adjacent to pipeline infrastructure and facilities. This can compromise the corrosion protection systems designed to protect the existing pipeline infrastructure and can result in both AC and DC interference risks. There is very little literature related to the cathodic protection (CP) system impacts and interference risks of renewable energy projects on pipeline infrastructure, and how best to mitigate the risks.
This case study involves an NPS 36, 107 km long pipeline (Pipeline A) installed in 2016. The subject pipeline is collocated with an NPS 30 pipeline constructed in 1999 (Pipeline B), for the entire route, and two additional pipelines near the start of its route (Pipelines C and D), all owned by the same operator.
Overview of the science and technology of corrosion control using chemicals. Some knowledge of corrosion and chemistry is assumed. Chemical and mechanical principles. Corrosion inhibitors (CI). Application methods. O&G environment. 2017 NACE
The production of hydrocarbons from a reservoir involves the drilling and interaction of a well with a reservoir, which initiates the natural flow of the hydrocarbons from the virgin reservoir to the surface. However, as production continues, the reservoir pressure is depleted, which results in a reduction of the hydrocarbon production rate due to reservoir maturity. This is usually accompanied by increased water-cut levels and a corresponding decrease in gas production, which may not only reduce but completely stop the flow of fluids from a well.
Prompted by requests from Specifiers and Steel Shop Fabricators, a Non-Zinc coating has been developed that has attained a Class B Slip Coefficient rating and therefore can be applied to faying surfaces of slip-critical bolted connections. Results show that this product offers fast dry times and excellent corrosion resistance.
The Hal Adams Bridge is the only suspension bridge in the state of Florida. During the 2001 routine bridge inspection the bridge was identified as a candidate to be repainted. The authors Don Buwalda, Stephen Haney, and Greg Richards participated in the assessment, plan development, and project execution.