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RLs are susceptible to internal corrosion that is influenced mainly by fluid corrosiveness including factors such as temperature, pH, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content, water chemistry, flow stagnation, wettability, and presence of deposits.
Generally, for corrosion to occur there must be liquid water with sufficient quantity to wet the pipe surface. Once water wet, the line will corrode at a rate determined by the chemistry of the water, acidity and quantity of deposits.
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There is no doubt that Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) of steel reinforced concrete has, over the last decades, become a well-established technique for controlling reinforcement corrosion of structural elements. The expectation of long-life protection has, however, been somewhat reduced as some anode systems fail, monitoring equipment become antiquated, and lack of adequate maintenance makes the systems inoperable with the average service life of any ICCP system falling to 15-20 years.
This paper illustrates fifty (50) Key Perfomance Indicators (KPIs) that were developed based on industry surveys and failure analysis; application of these 50 KPIs using 10 case studies and explains cost effectiveness of various KPIs.
This paper will discuss utilizing temporary dehumidification and climate control equipment to reduce corrosion levels during the installation of coatings and linings applications; the science of Psychrometrics, the science behind dehumidification, and discuss how the components interact on a coatings project.
Research conducted at OakRidge National Laboratories in Oak Ridge, TN, National Research Council Canada, and many other institutions around the world have shown that controlling airflow through the building envelope is more important and effective in reducing heat loss and moisture transport than controlling vapor diffusion.
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on materials selection and corrosion control for engineers in the design and identification of operating limits for projects that involve CO2 transport and injection. It should be used as a guide to help identify specific requirements which can be tailored for each project rather than as definitive requirements used straight from the document. References are also made to other relevant documents and standards. The guidance provided for an initial design should help the engineer focus on the most critical issues related to CO2 transport and injection. It is a rapidly growing subject area and much exploratory technical work is still being executed, and as such this document should be seen as a starting point with future updates and new insights to be expected.
The original Def Stan was adopted as an AMPP standard under the provisions of the AMPP Standards Committees Operating Manual Procedures for Conversion of Government Agency Standards.
This standard is a guide to corrosion protection against atmospheric corrosion and covers all aspects from the basic mechanisms of aqueous corrosion, though a summary of the differing types to a detailed review of aspects of atmospheric corrosion. It concludes with a detailed survey of the methods of control against corrosion and a focused description of the particular methods of corrosion protection for different metals and alloys.
This standard is for use by those responsible for the management of marine structures. They will be able to use it to establish the minimum requirements of the Site-Applied Wrap Corrosion Protection Systems they are considering for the protection of the submerged zone and splash zone of shore based marine metallic structures, either at the pointof new construction or during refurbishment or maintenance of existing structures. This standard is not intended to provide the minimum requirements for offshore oil and gas platforms and other similar structures of the offshore oil and gas industry. This standard may be used to provide the minimum requirements for estuarine, paludal, riverine, great lake structures or similar. The Site-Applied Wrap Corrosion Protection Systems in accordance with this standard are considered suitable for further protection by means of cathodic protection.
At Savannah River Site (SRS), High-Level Waste is stored in below-grade tanks constructed of carbon steel. This waste is composed of sludge, salt cake, and/or supernate. In part, preparation of this waste for future processing involves dissolution of the salt cake layer.
Metallic material requirements for resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flowline equipment and field processing facilities to be used in hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-bearing hydrocarbon service. Historical Document 2000
Establishment of criteria for the pilot-scale evaluation of the performance of cooling water additives under field-specific operating conditions.
As facilities in the oil and gas industry age with time, corrosion mitigation and control become more important. Failure of processing equipment is likely to entail production loss, loss of containment, environmental impact, and/or human risk. Internal corrosion failures represent one of the major risks to process equipment and piping.