AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Analysis of Pitting Susceptibility of Low Carbon Steels for the Refinement of Salt Dissolution Inhibitor Requirements

Product Number: 51323-19293-SG

Author: Joshua T. Boerstler, Bruce J. Wiersma, Keisha B. Martin, Andrea N. Bridges

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

At Savannah River Site (SRS), High-Level Waste is stored in below-grade tanks constructed of carbon steel. This waste is composed of sludge, salt cake, and/or supernate. In part, preparation of this waste for future processing involves dissolution of the salt cake layer.

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Analytical Method to Detect and Remediate Zinc Contamination of Austenitic Stainless Steels to avoid Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Product Number: 51323-18999-SG

Author: Adrian Valenzuela, Adalberto Toledo, Robert Leggat, Lake Barrett, James Kretzler

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As construction of an industrial plant was nearing completion, it was realized that galvanized scaffolding was used during the erection of a large furnace. There was some concern about the possibility of zinc liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of the austenitic stainless-steel tubes. LME is the loss of ductility when a metal is in contact with liquid metal while under stress. Specifically, austenitic stainless steels are known to be susceptible to LME in the presence of liquid zinc which was implicated in the Flixborough Disaster where 28 people were killed in an industrial accident in 1974.

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Analytical Testing Equipment for Use with Industrial Coatings

Product Number: 51323-19409-SG

Author: Steve Liebhart

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper/presentation will discuss and demonstrate some uses for several analytical tools/instruments
related to troubleshooting problems associated with industrial coatings.

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Anticorrosion Performance Of Smart Release Bionanocomposite Coatings On Aluminium Alloy 6061

Product Number: 51322-18189-SG

Author: Sarah B. Ulaet, Jerin K. Pancrecious, Gincy Marina Mathew, T.P.D. Rajan

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Coatings for metal protection is a very broad area of research and no single formulation technique is used. Generally, coatings contain micropores, areas of low cross-link density or high pigment volume concentration that provides a diffusion path for corrosive species such as water, oxygen and chloride ions to the coating/metal interface. Therefore, incorporating corrosion inhibitors into a coating system is a basic step required for corrosion protection [1]. Direct addition of corrosion inhibitors has almost always resulted in undesirable leaching of inhibiting molecules and subsequent reactions with the coating matrix. This reduces the effect and duration required to protect the substrate in the aggressive environment. The encapsulation of corrosion inhibitors into a host material as using nanocontainers is an effective delivery system of the corrosion inhibitor in active corrosion protection application [2].

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Applicability of Martensite-Based Stainless Steels for CO2 Injection Tubing

Product Number: 51324-20636-SG

Author: Yuichi Kamo; Kenichiro Eguchi; Hiroyasu Ebina; Hiroyuki Takai; Takamasa Kawai

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper discusses the risks to the integrity of tubing material used in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). One risk is the formation of condensed water at the wellhead, which can lead to corrosion. FEM analysis of the waterlcontaining CO2 flux in the well indicated that the risk of corrosion due to condensed water was very low. Another risk is cooling of the tubing by cold CO2 when the temperature of CO2 is drastically decreased by the JoulelThomson effect. A cooling experiment in which cold nitrogen gas was applied to a steel pipe showed that the temperature of the steel did not decrease to the temperature of the cold gas, indicating that the cooled area was limited to the surface of the steel. The Charpy impact test demonstrated that martensitelbased stainless steels have good lowltemperature toughness. Corrosion of the steel pipe at the bottom hole, where it comes into contact with formation water, is also a risk to the material integrity. Corrosion tests of the steels in SO2 and NO2 contaminated conditions showed that not only S25CR but also modified 13CR (Mod. 13CR), 15CR, 17CR steels have good corrosion resistance in terms of the corrosion rate, resistance to localized corrosion and resistance to SCC under the SO2 and NO2 contaminated conditions.

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Applicability Study of Inhibitors to Corrosion Under Insulation

Product Number: 51323-19244-SG

Author: Takehiro Toyoda, Ayano Yasui, Hirotaka Mizukami, Yukinori Yanase, Toshiyuki Sunaba

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is the corrosion of piping or equipment under insulation that occurs when moisture ingresses the interface between insulation and piping or equipment, helping to form corrosion cells. CUI is one of the costliest problems shared by the oil and gas industries. One reason this problem has been a perennial challenge is that CUI is difficult to detect because it occurs under the insulation. And since it occurs regardless of the type of fluid in the pipe, every part of the plant would be included in the monitoring scope.

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Application of a Highly Corrosion-Resistant Nickel-Alloy in the Chemical Industry

Product Number: 51323-19183-SG

Author: Ajit Mishra, John Doyle, Vinay Deodeshmukh

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

There are hundreds of commercially available alloys in the market, which is utilized by various industries, including chemicals producers. However, depending upon the corrosiveness of the process conditions, choices of materials of construction can be limited. One of a highly corrosive condition is acidic chloride chemistry (like, hydrochloric acid) in which only a handful of alloys (like, Ni-Cr-Mo alloys) can provide a reasonable service life, which though depends upon the amount of chloride, operating temperature, and impurities level.

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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51324-20711-SG

Author: Mohd Aswadi Ton Alias; Nurul Asni Mohamed; M Iskandar Bakeri; Izzatdin A Aziz; M Hilmi Hasan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion management system encompassing the various stages of an asset life starting from design, construction, through to operation and decommissioning remains the key focus in ensuring integrity and safe operation of the asset. Corrosion study is conducted during the initial design phase, followed by multiple reviews during the operational stage as part of the overall corrosion management process. These studies aim to identify all damage mechanisms that can be present, including both non-age-related and age-related mechanisms. Currently in the oil and gas industry, corrosion rate predictions for age-related mechanisms are generated via mathematical equations or correlations as outcome from laboratory testing and analyses which may not be representative of the actual operating condition. These predictions impose limitations with regards to utilizing inputs produced from big data. Application of artificial intelligence to predict corrosion rate offers advantages where real high frequency data streams from IoT sensors are analyzed via machine learning algorithm thus providing prediction based on historical experience of specific asset. Data preprocessing is an important step in machine learning that involves transforming raw data from various parameters so that issues owing to the incompleteness, inconsistency, and/or lack of appropriate representation of trends are resolved to arrive at a data set that is in an understandable format. Feature engineering will then be performed which analyze the parameter correlation to obtain the most suitable combination and the best features and data characteristics. For corrosion rate prediction, the supervised learning algorithm is applicable such as logistic regression, naive bayes, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and random forests. The final step of the machine learning modelling is the model validation. The predicted corrosion rates will be verified with actual thickness measurement at site. To date, we have covered 30 process units which includes different trains, 120 corrosion groups selected from a total of about 3800 corrosion groups for the whole facility. 700 customized machine learning models were developed. Success is defined by best highest accuracy (>80%) with an optimum model run time. Recent validation has shown the ability to predict an anomaly in future trend which coincides with actual increase in corrosion rate.

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Application Of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) And Infrared Thermography Techniques To Evaluate Fuel Cladding Behavior During Accident Conditions

Product Number: ED22-18327-SG

Author: Samuel Bell, Ben Garrison, Nathan Capps, Ryan Sweet, Kenneth Kane

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Accident scenarios, such as a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), subject claddings to rapid thermal transients, internal loading, and a high temperature steam environment. Understanding cladding behavior in this dynamic setting allows for better assessment of safety concerns such as coolant flow blockage and fuel relocation and dispersal. Improvement in model predictability and multi-physics fuel performance codes such as BISON are at the forefront of cladding related research. Particularly, efforts aim at addressing model accuracy to support burnup extension and increases in fuel cycle lengths.

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Application Of Direct Assessment Methods In Arid And “Sabkha” Environments

Product Number: 51321-16756-SG

Author: Naim Dakwar; D. L. van Oostendorp

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Application of Electrochemical Noise to Identify Corrosion Development of Steel with Galvanized Protective Coatings

Product Number: 51322-17873-SG

Author: Samanbar Permeh, Kingsley Lau

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Galvanized protective coatings have been used for structural steel to mitigate steel corrosion in atmospheric exposures and chloride-rich marine environments. The galvanizing process involves dipping steel elements free of surface mill scale in a molten zinc bath where the diffusion of zinc into the steel matrix allows for zinc-iron alloy layers of decreasing zinc concentrations by depth to form in the steel. Oher elements such as tin, antimony and aluminum may be added to the galvanizing bath to control reaction rates, surface appearance and corrosion behavior. Hot-dipped galvanizing provides corrosion protection by developing a barrier layer and in certain conditions provide beneficial galvanic coupling of the zinc-rich layers to the steel.

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Application of Hydrogen Service Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Models to a Simulated Remaining Life Assessment of Transmission Pipeline

Product Number: 51323-19368-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, B.N. Padgett, T.J. Prewitt, A. Chandra, S. Finneran, R. Thodla

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The hydrogen economy envisions the use of gaseous hydrogen (herein referred to as hydrogen) as an energy carrier for the reduction of carbon emissions. Transportation of hydrogen from the upstream source (generation location) to the end-user will be necessary to maximize the carbon reduction potential switching from natural gas to pure hydrogen or hydrogen blended natural gas products. A proposed, economically viable option is to utilize the existing and extensive natural gas pipeline infrastructure in the United States.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance