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An Innovative Thermoplastic Coating For CUI Applications

Product Number: 51322-18122-SG

Author: Hindrik Harm Broesder

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

An innovative thermoplastic type of coating material based on pure isobutene homopolymer was investigated to determine whether it would be fit for purpose in CUI services at low and moderate temperatures up to 120 °C. This polymer is commonly called Polyisobutene (PIB) and has a unique set of properties that are beneficial for protecting metallic structures from corrosion. Polyisobutene is a polyolefin with a chemical structure similar to Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP). One of the major differences is that PE and PP are solid materials with a high degree of crystallinity, whereas PIB does not have a crystallization or melting temperature. PIB has a glass transition temperature (T_g) below – 60 °C which indicates that the polymer is a liquid above this temperature.

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An Insight to the RBI of Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) and Corrosion under Fireproofing (CUF)

Product Number: 51324-21057-SG

Author: Yashar Behnamian; Duane Serate; Gordon Cheuk Hei Ho; Aaron Mcdonald; Simon Yuen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper covers the risk-based inspection (RBI) practices to address external corrosion under insulation (CUI) and corrosion under fireproofing (CUF). The paper discusses risk-based inspection practices of the external corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steels under insulation and fireproofing and the external chloride stress corrosion cracking (ECSCC) of austenitic and duplex stainless steels under insulation, and the external stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel under mineral wool insulation. The RBI methodology described consists of 4 steps, including unit level prioritization, challenging the need for insulation, data validation, and detailed RBI analysis. These steps work together to identify units at higher risk of CUI and CUF, develop an appropriate inspection plan to mitigate CUI and CUF, enhance personnel safety, and reduce unnecessary expenditures. The risk of CUI and CUF failure can be quantified by considering the likelihood of occurrence and severity of consequence.

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An Integrated Probabilistic Approach to Predicting the Occurrence of Atmospheric Stress Corrosion Cracking of Dry Storage Canisters

Product Number: 51323-18893-SG

Author: Aaron J. Stenta, Brandon R. Rollins, Gerald Young, Narasi Sridhar, Ramgopal Thodla

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is currently stored in stainless steel dry storage canisters (DSCs) contained within concrete cask systems with passive ambient air cooling. These systems are emplaced, either horizontally or vertically, at independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), located at utility reactor sites. The ambient air introduces moisture, aerosolized salt particles, and dust to the canister surfaces. The composition of the aerosols depends on geographical factors, such as proximity to the ocean,
industrial area, rural areas, and transportation corridors that use road salt for winterization.

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An Intelligent Flushing System for Oil or Gas Gathering Systems

Product Number: 51320-14686-SG

Author: Yuri Fairuzov , Victor Fairuzov

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Shale oil companies are currently building state-of-the-art gathering infrastructure to transport oil and natural gas from the wells through an oil gathering system to a central oil stabilization facility to eliminate truck traffic and condensate tank emissions. A portion of fracturing fluids and sand that returns to the surface (slickwater and proppant backflow) may accumulate in this new-built pipeline infrastructure and cause severe pitting corrosion. Also, paraffin and wax deposits may cause operational problems in various parts of the oil gathering system. In offshore production systems, production streams frequently contain organic/inorganic solids and water causing corrosion and wax buildup in subsea pipelines, which are unpiggable in many cases.
We propose a novel system for removing solids, wax, sludge, and other unwanted fluids causing corrosion and/or flow assurance issues in oil and gas gathering systems, including manifolds and unpiggable process lines. The system comprises one component that generate fluid batches at the inlet of the flowlines and a model-based controller component that determines the launch time of fluid batches such that the batches generated in the flowlines are merged into one batch in the gathering pipeline or production manifold. The controller simulates the fluid batches moving along the flowlines using a real-time simulation model and provides automatic control of the systems generating the fluid batches. The dose of corrosion or wax inhibitors is automatically adjusted to maintain a predetermined concentration of the chemical in response to a variation of the rate of water production in the well.
Scale-model test results and real-time simulations of system operation are presented. The stationary bed of solids formed in the production manifold and process lines is converted into a series of solids dunes that slowly move toward the separator. This effect dramatically reduces the likelihood of internal corrosion. Also, the risk of wax deposition reduces because the internal surface of the pipe is continuously flushed by hot water batches. This technology is applicable for existing and new-build pipeline infrastructure and virtually does not have limitations regarding the design of the oil or gas gathering system, operating pressure and temperature. As a result, the production manifold itself and unpiggable process lines are efficiently flushed with produced water.

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An Investigation of External Corrosion At Ambient Temperature On Thermally Insulated Pipes Under Ageing Conditions

Product Number: 51323-19350-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana, George Jarjoura, Graham Brigham, Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is among the key damage mechanisms in the hydrocarbon industry which mainly manifests localized corrosion on thermally insulated equipment, tanks, piping, and pipelines. CUI is a highly frequent degradation in the oil refining facilities where reportedly 40-60% of failures in the piping result from CUI. In addition, small bore piping (i.e., nominal pipe size, NPS < 4 inch. or 100 mm) are even more prone to CUI and reportedly up to 81% of failures in these piping caused by CUI.

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An Investigation of Failure at Road Crossings for Oil & Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51324-20753-SG

Author: Yasar Irshad; Ahmad Raza Khan Rana

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The segments of pipelines under highway crossings and rail crossings require additional considerations in their design and construction due to variable loadings, limited access, and other external factors. This paper discusses the outcomes of a study carried out to investigate the potential factors that contributed to pitting corrosion resulting in pipeline failure at a road crossing section. This paper will highlight the impact of underground water containing corrosive compounds such as chlorides in the failure of pipelines. The insights derived from this research will allow engineers to select the ideal construction methodology, choose suitable coating and insulating materials and implement adequate inspection and monitoring approaches to limit the factors that contribute to threats of corrosion. This paper will also discuss the most suitable solution and recommendations to prevent these failures arising from pitting corrosion in underground highway crossing sections of pipelines.

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An Overview of Significant Updates to High Voltage Holiday Detection Standards (NACE SP0188/SP0274/SP0490, ASTM D5612/G62, ISO 29601)

Product Number: 51324-21164-SG

Author: Michael Beamish; Lake Barrett

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

High Voltage Holiday Detectors are commonly used to locate pinholes in coatings by generating a spark when an electrode passes over an area of bare substrate. Pinholes and areas of a non-continuous coating film can provide a direct path for premature failure of the coated asset. Historically a rule of thumb across the coating industry had been to utilize 100 volts per mil of coating as the recommended voltage setting for holiday detection. A paper presented at a recent AMPP conference1 provided compelling evidence, and confirmed industry suspicions, that the rule of thumb and test voltages specified by nearly every published standard were inadequate to reliably detect all holidays. In response, industry stakeholders worked to build consensus and update the relevant standards with science-based and experimentally-proven specifications that help ensure High Voltage Holiday Detectors are used appropriately, and with the correct voltage settings, to reliably detect holidays. This paper provides a review of these updates.

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Analyses Methodologies For In-Situ Corrosion Monitoring Of Tank Bottom Plate Corrosion

Product Number: 51321-16896-SG

Author: Pavan K. Shukla; Roderick E. Fuentes; Bruce J. Wiersma; Crystal Girardot; Jason Page; Shawn T. Campbell

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Analysis and Monitoring of Welded Carbon Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions Using Electrochemical Noise and Wavelet Analysis

Product Number: 51324-21243-SG

Author: Ahmed Abdulmutaali; Katerina Lepkova; Chris Aldrich

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The corrosion of welded carbon steel in the presence of aqueous chloride-containing solutions at 30 °C was analyzed by use of electrochemical noise (EN) and wavelet transform analysis (WTA) in three different solution systems. It is shown that features extracted from sections of the EN signals imaged by way of wavelet scalograms could be used to identify different types of corrosion, as well as for online monitoring of corrosion. Moreover, the corroded welded steel surfaces were examined using 3D profilometry to gather information about localized defects (pits). These results demonstrated that electrochemical noise associated with wavelet transform analysis, particularly wavelet scalograms, is an effective tool for monitoring localized corrosion of welded carbon steel.

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Analysis Of Corrosion Inhibitor Performance Curves Using Langmuir Adsorption Kinetics

Product Number: 51321-16859-SG

Author: Richard C. Woodlam; Daniel Betancourt

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Analysis of Internal Corrosion Monitoring Data in Relation to ILI Results

Product Number: 51323-19433-SG

Author: Yevgeniy Petrov, Megan Scudder

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Currently pipeline operators use coupons and other monitoring data to determine if internal corrosion is active. Coupons are relatively easy to install, typically taking 1-2 days and cost around $10,000. This makes this method for collecting data attractive to operators.

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Analysis of leak repair testing requirements in ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817

Product Number: 51323-18934-SG

Author: Pedro Bordieri, Casey Whalen, Hanna Ford

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion in metallic industrial equipment, pipework, and vessels, when left unchecked, can lead to the full deterioration of wall-thickness. The presence of through-wall defects may lead to loss of production and costly shutdowns, in addition to environmental and safety hazards. One solution to this issue is the installation of a repair system using composite materials, which are durable for decades, easy to install, and a cost-effective to deploy option for bringing industrial equipment back to operation, even after a leak is detected. Internationally recognized organizations, such as ASME and ISO, set the rules for the design methodology, material testing, and training of personnel for this type of repair method.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance