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Integrity management of corrosion under insulation (CUI) has historically and continues to be one of the biggest corrosion related challenges within the oil & gas, maritime, chemical and petrochemical industries.2 Corrosion of piping, associated flanges, pressure vessels and structural components from CUI is a commonly found phenomenon and if left undetected or not stringently managed can result in catastrophic leaks or explosions, equipment failure and periods of prolonged downtime due to repair or replacement. It is estimated around 40% to 60% of an operator’s pipeline maintenance budget is a result of CUI.3
Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is regarded as one of the largest corrosion threats across the oil, gas and petro-chemical sectors. CUI is a condition which results in aggressive localized corrosion in carbon and low alloy steel. This form of corrosion occurs when water is absorbed by or collected in the insulation. The equipment begins to corrode as it is exposed to water and oxygen. CUI is common in refineries, process plants, midstream and downstream, where equipment operates at higher temperatures.
The Inhibitor Fusion Tape is a silicone based self-amalgamating tape that is impregnated with corrosion inhibitors that were specifically designed to combat CUI. The Tape provides a physical barrier between the steel substrate and insulation medium and can transfer corrosion inhibitor to the underlying metal surface in the event of any water ingress or sweating of the line. Finally, the Tape is translucent to allow ease of inspection and as the Tape has no glues/resins/primers for adhesion, the tape is easily removed for inspection cycles leaving no adhesive residue behind.
This paper will provide various case studies and showcase a diversified overview. The Tape has also been tested and passed ISO 19277 for protective coating systems under insulation according to modified ISO 192771
Scale and corrosion inhibitors are commonly used in many oil and gas production systems to prevent inorganic deposition and to protect asset integrity. Scale inhibitor products are based on organic compounds with phosphate or carboxylic functional groups such as amino phosphonates, phosphate esters, phosphino polymers, polycarboxylate and polysulfonates,1 as shown in Figure 1. These anionic groups have strong affinity to alkaline earth cations and can adsorb on the active growth sites of scale crystal (Figure 2), resulting in stopping or delaying the scale formation process.
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In the mid-1990s, the US Navy’s technical community, led by Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), recognized existing coatings used to protect the inside of ships’ tanks were failing on average 5-8 years after application. The high cost to blast and recoat over 11,000 tanks every 5-8 years, not counting submarines and aircraft carriers, was prohibitive. To address this issue, the Navy conducted a study to analyze the problem and decided to replace these legacy coatings with high solid epoxy coatings.1
This paper will identify and document how these different factors affect the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel to Chloride-Stress Corrosion cracking based on a review of currently available literature. A review of current industry best practices and a review of how the Oxygen content, the pH and application of stress relief affects Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking will be documented and presented.