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Integrity management of corrosion under insulation (CUI) has historically and continues to be one of the biggest corrosion related challenges within the oil & gas, maritime, chemical and petrochemical industries.2 Corrosion of piping, associated flanges, pressure vessels and structural components from CUI is a commonly found phenomenon and if left undetected or not stringently managed can result in catastrophic leaks or explosions, equipment failure and periods of prolonged downtime due to repair or replacement. It is estimated around 40% to 60% of an operator’s pipeline maintenance budget is a result of CUI.3
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In oil and gas industry, during the transportation of wet gas with a stratified flow regime, the temperature difference between the fluid inside the pipelines and the surrounding environment leads to condensation of water on the upper internal surface and causes metal degradation. This phenomenon is known as Top-of-the-Line Corrosion or TLC.
The condensing phases can consist of not only water but also condensable hydrocarbons.
Volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) materials provide temporary corrosion protection for the surfaces of metal parts that are not in contact with the inhibitor. Temporary protection is afforded as long as there is a moderately sealed enclosure containing the metal parts and the source of the VCI, which may be in the enclosing package itself. The duration of protection may be months to years before the parts are removed from the enclosure and put to use, or before a more “permanent” coating such as paint is applied. The referenced NACE Standard Practice SP0487 includes VCI in the context of guidance and best practices for users of interim or temporary corrosion protection methods.
This method tests the vapor-inhibiting ability (VIA) of volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) materials. Evaluates vapor transport and corrosion protection with simple, low-cost apparatus.
The first case of top of line corrosion (TLC) in Tunu gas field was reported by Gunaltun et al in 19991. Inlineinspection (ILI) of two carbon steel pipelines distributing multiphase effluent, showed up to 50% metalloss at 11.00 – 01.00 o’clock at several sections. Visual examination of a cut section showed that the topof line was covered with iron carbonate layer with deep pits, and severe metal loss occurred on largesurfaces at these area.