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Articles on concrete structures, concrete substrates, and corrosion. Categorized under Concrete, Cathodic Protection, Coatings for Concrete, Corrosion of Concrete & Concrete Reinforcement. Presented at NACE Int. conferences. 2016 NACE E-BOOK
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For engineers and maintenance personnel who design, operate, and maintain large, multi–stage wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) Basics of corrosion of metals and degradation of non–metals, including concrete, and how to mitigate them. 3rd edition 2016 NACE E-Book
The authors of Corrosion Management and Control in Desalination: An Industrial Guide have been active in all types of desalination plants for decades, either solving corrosion problems, or, less often, preventing them from happening.
This book is written and intended for the plant engineer, a vital plant employee who often does not have an in-depth knowledge of corrosion, and could use help with day-to-day problems that may involve corrosion.
2023 AMPP, 144 pages, 6x9 trim size, color
The terminal is subdivided for Oil, Gas and Produced Water plants. Each of these plants has number of storage tanks. The age of the tanks varies between 15-25 years. The products held within these tanks varies, from crude oil, condensate, produced water, potable water, to off spec oil and diesel fuel.
Most of the tanks within the facility have a similar CP arrangement and design. Each tank base is protected by an impressed current grid mesh anode buried in compacted, clean, sand backfill beneath the tank base and is powered by a transformer-rectifier placed outside the bund wall or within an electrical switch room. Permanent reference electrodes are installed beneath all tank bases to enable accurate potential measurements. Reference electrodes vary from Copper/Copper Sulphate, Silver/Silver Chloride to Zinc.
In seawater handling systems, better dissolved oxygen controls would permit the use of more cost effective materials such as duplex stainless steel UNS S82551. Corrosion testing of tubes joined together with a proprietary premium threaded connection was performed in controlled seawater loops simulating service conditions at 30°C.
In natural seawater, microorganisms can fix, grow and develop on practically any surface, including stainless steels.The term biofilm is generally used for communities of microorganisms embedded in an organic polymer matrix (e.g. exopolysaccharides), produced by the microorganisms themselves) and adhering to a surface, irrespective of the environment in which they develop. Stainless steels are widely used for different applications in seawater such as the oil and gas, desalination and marine energy industries. The presence of a biofilm on passive alloys such as stainless steels or nickel-based alloys can strongly enhance the cathodic reactions, and shift their open-circuit potential (OCP) to the noble direction.
The Las Vegas Valley Water District needed to install a deep anode bed in a location with a flowing artesian situation. A new, patented technology was adapted for the situation that would allow the abode bed to be installed in an active flowing artesian condition.
Today, the push to find more environmentally friendly solutions for paints and coatings has become very important. Paints contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that contribute to ground level ozone and smog and can be harmful to human health and air quality. VOC limits for formulated coatings have been instituted by local governments to meet the highest air quality standards. One such regional regulation set a limit of 100 g/L for industrial maintenance coatings in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) of Southern California in 2007.
The EPA estimates it will cost $390 billion over the next 20 years to repair or replace the crumbling wastewater infrastructure. Replacing infrastructure is costly, and in light of current economic conditions and worldwide budget cuts, often impossible to do. Alternatively, the use of single coat, fast cure high performance epoxy linings to rehabilitate sewage pipelines instead of replacing them will save municipalities considerable money and time, making it not only possible but practical for municipalities to protect their local environments today from sewage leaks.
Concrete sludge mixing and storage tanks in wastewater treatment plants can be exposed to corrosive environments. Protective linings are the best solution to this problem. But there are a number of design considerations based on this author’s experience that are not readily obvious at the outset.
After 35 years or longer in service, the concrete infrastructure in wastewater collection systems and treatment plants has deteriorated due to various corrosion and physical degradation mechanisms. This paper reviews the major mechanisms that cause deterioration of concrete and protective coatings. Also, examples of infrastructure degradation are presented along with a discussion of the best diagnostic methods for condition assessment of concrete for the various mechanisms.
This presentation is designed to assist wastewater treatment plant maintenance superintendents effectively design and implement maintenance painting projects. Recommended practices are described for all project phases, from the initial corrosion survey, through cost estimating, specification preparation, bidding, project administration, field inspection, and OSHA, environmental compliance and plant operation considerations.