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51318-11257-Sulfide Stress Cracking of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel – Localized Corrosion and Hydrogen

Picture for Sulfide Stress Cracking of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel – Localized Corrosion and Hydrogen
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This paper provides an overview of the existing literature with regards to the understanding of cracking in molybdenum-containing 13Cr alloys and provides suggested paths of investigation.

Product Number: 51318-11257-SG
Author: Brian D. Chambers / Manuel Gonzalez / Yue Chen / Marc Wilms
Publication Date: 2018
Industry: Oil and Gas Production
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Molybdenum-containing martensitic stainless steels, particularly grades with 95-110 ksi specified minimum yield strength and nominally 1 to 2 wt% Mo, are some of the most commonly used materials for production tubulars in offshore wells. H2S-related cracking at low or room temperature is often the primary limiting factor in the use of these materials in mildly sour oil and gas production service. Improved understanding of the failure mechanism and the relevant environmental exposures may lead to a more reliable and reproducible test methodology for low-temperature cracking susceptibility along with a significant improvement in the risk assessment for use of these materials.

Low temperature H2S-related cracking in martensitic stainless steels is commonly referred to by the industry as sulfide stress cracking (SSC). This label is questionable since, for molybdenum-containing 13Cr grades at most pH values of interest, the material is passive or exhibits very low general corrosion rates with little to no absorption of atomic hydrogen. Typically, the low-temperature cracking is preceded by localized corrosion with cracks emanating from the bottom of the established pits.

This paper provides an overview of the existing literature with regards to the understanding of cracking in molybdenum-containing 13Cr alloys and provides suggested paths of investigation.

In particular, electrochemical methodologies and statistical analyses focused on the threshold conditions for localized corrosion and the likelihood of localized corrosion progressing to cracking are discussed.

Key words: martensitic stainless steels, molybdenum-containing modified 13Cr, H2S, sour, sulfide stress cracking, stress corrosion cracking, pitting

Molybdenum-containing martensitic stainless steels, particularly grades with 95-110 ksi specified minimum yield strength and nominally 1 to 2 wt% Mo, are some of the most commonly used materials for production tubulars in offshore wells. H2S-related cracking at low or room temperature is often the primary limiting factor in the use of these materials in mildly sour oil and gas production service. Improved understanding of the failure mechanism and the relevant environmental exposures may lead to a more reliable and reproducible test methodology for low-temperature cracking susceptibility along with a significant improvement in the risk assessment for use of these materials.

Low temperature H2S-related cracking in martensitic stainless steels is commonly referred to by the industry as sulfide stress cracking (SSC). This label is questionable since, for molybdenum-containing 13Cr grades at most pH values of interest, the material is passive or exhibits very low general corrosion rates with little to no absorption of atomic hydrogen. Typically, the low-temperature cracking is preceded by localized corrosion with cracks emanating from the bottom of the established pits.

This paper provides an overview of the existing literature with regards to the understanding of cracking in molybdenum-containing 13Cr alloys and provides suggested paths of investigation.

In particular, electrochemical methodologies and statistical analyses focused on the threshold conditions for localized corrosion and the likelihood of localized corrosion progressing to cracking are discussed.

Key words: martensitic stainless steels, molybdenum-containing modified 13Cr, H2S, sour, sulfide stress cracking, stress corrosion cracking, pitting

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Picture for Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance of AISI 420 Modified (13Cr) Martensitic Stainless Steel Bar
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51317--9645-Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance of AISI 420 Modified (13Cr) Martensitic Stainless Steel Bar

Product Number: 51317--9645-SG
ISBN: 9645 2017 CP
Author: Karthik Krishnan
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper discusses a study wherein the SSC resistance of 13Cr bar stock quenched and tempered to 22 HRC maximum hardness was tested and evaluated beyond the maximum H2S limit of 10 kPa (1.5 psi) established in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 for use in sour service.

 
Picture for Effect of production routes on SSC of 110 ksi 13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS)
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51318-10956-Effect of production routes on SSC of 110 ksi 13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS)

Product Number: 51318-10956-SG
Author: Karola Klenke / Christoph Bosch / Marc André Müller / Michael Müller / Frank Hippenstiel1)
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) is commonly used in the Oil & Gas industry. The present work has been aimed at evaluating the influence of different heat treatment processes on the corrosion resistance of 110 ksi 13Cr SMSS.
Picture for Super Martensitic Stainless Steel UNS41426 Bar Manufactured to Optimize Sour Service Performance
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51318-11123-Super Martensitic Stainless Steel UNS41426 Bar Manufactured to Optimize Sour Service Performance

Product Number: 51318-11123-SG
Author: Lee Smith / Chertsey Road / Lucrezia Scoppio / Perry Nice / Giuseppe Mortali / Daisuke Matsuo / Takuji Nakahata / Hisashi Amaya
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

To explore if the sour service performance gap between SMSS tubular and bar stock could be overcome, work was conducted to optimize the performance of 110ksi specified minimum yield strength UNS(1) S41426 bar product.
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