Celebrate World Corrosion Awareness Day with 20% off eCourses and eBooks with code WCAD2024 at checkout!
Stabilized austenitic stainless steel (SS) grade 347 is used extensively in high-temperature processes in the petroleum refining industry, while duplex SS (DSS) grade 2205 is a relatively newer material in the industry. Though these grades of SSs perform well in refinery process streams, there are incidents of failure of process equipment attributable to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The paper deals with a study on the cracking susceptibility of SS grade 347 and DSS grade 2205 in refinery simulated process environments containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The paper also reports the electrochemical behavior of these SSs in the medium containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys was assessed by cyclic polarization experiments. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the alloys to SCC. The cyclic polarization studies indicate that the H2S – chloride synergism had a pronounced effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility of 347 SS, while the effect was marginal on the alloy DSS 2205. The SCC susceptibility of 347 SS and DSS 2205 is strongly influenced by hydrogen sulfide-chloride synergism. Initiation of corrosion pits and the sulfidation of active pits due to the synergism were the important steps in the initiation of SCC.
We are unable to complete this action. Please try again at a later time.
If this error continues to occur, please contact AMPP Customer Support for assistance.
Use this error code for reference:
Please login to use Standards Credits*
* AMPP Members receive Standards Credits in order to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store
You are not a Member.
AMPP Members enjoy many benefits, including Standards Credits which can be used to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store.
You can visit the Membership Page to learn about the benefits of membership.
You have previously purchased this item.
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store profile to find this item.
You do not have sufficient Standards Credits to claim this item.
Click on 'ADD TO CART' to purchase this item.
Your Standards Credit(s)
1
Remaining Credits
0
Please review your transaction.
Click on 'REDEEM' to use your Standards Credits to claim this item.
You have successfully redeemed:
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store Profile to find and download this item.
Since the 1980s, a range of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) has been developed that have higher alloy content, and therefore greater corrosion resistance and strength. The commonly used DSSs have good corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments and excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Their high strength and hardness also gives them excellent resistance to both erosion corrosion and cavitation. There are also cast versions of many of the duplex compositions and these have seen extensive use for pumps, valves, and other equipment.
This study exposed sections from two commercially shot peened S30409 tubes in 1 bar steam for up to 15,000 h at 600°, 625° and 650°C and specimens were removed at increments to characterize the oxide thickness and microstructure.
Fracture mechanical specimens of the compact tension (CT) type are normally used in tests that study stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth rates (CGR). Normally, the width, W, is twice the thickness, B (W=2B), and B for common specimen sizes is 12.5 or 25 mm. The specimen size can be changed by scaling its dimensions.
Cyclic polarization measurements were used to illustrate the corrosion and passive behavior of the stainless steels under the tail gas conditions. Electrochemical behavior of stainless steels in SO2-saturated solutions with various concentrations of Cl- and F- was also studied.
The SCC of stainless steels has been an issue facing light water reactors (LWRs) since 1965 when sensitized components failed in the Dresden boiling water reactor (BWR). Numerous experimental efforts have been performed to characterize the SCC of stainless steel in LWRs in the last several decades and many of these efforts have been reported at each of the prior Environmental Degradation of Materials Conferences. Recent research has focused on characterizing SCCGR dependencies in hydrogen deaerated water. Testing of cold worked (CW) stainless steel has shown that heavily CW stainless steel has Arrhenius temperature functionality with a thermal activation energy of roughly 75 kJ/mol . In moderately to low CW stainless steel, a departure from Arrhenius temperature functionality is observed due to high temperature SCCGR retardation (HTR). This paper further extends this research and describes tests which were conducted to characterize the SCCGR temperature dependency of sensitized and CW 304 SS in hydrogenated water.
UNS S31400 stainless steel was tested as a reactor material for a thermal cracking process of agricultural, silvicultural, industrial and anthropogenic resources containing HCl. This material was chosen as it offers proper corrosion resistance in hot gases besides a good price and a high availability.