AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

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Pitting Corrosion Damage Characterization of Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams

Product Number: 51324-21108-SG

Author: Wesley Vitor Dantas de Carvalho Bezerra; Christopher Lewis Alexander

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

At early stages, reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride ions are prone to pitting corrosion. In carbon steel reinforcement, pitting is expected to quickly transition into widespread corrosion damage. However, for stainless steels, a higher resistance to lateral corrosion spread is present. As the accumulation of corrosion products in the steel-concrete interface (SCI) can lead to concrete cover cracking, studying the corrosion damage on stainless steel reinforced concrete is of importance. This work focuses on characterizing pitting corrosion damage data on laboratory exposed (non-electrically polarized) stainless steel (SS410) reinforced concrete beams with different damage degrees to concrete cover. For that, digital microscopy, and 3D profilometry were used to characterize corrosion damage, and chloride titrations were used to determine the chloride concentrations at the SCI. Possible pit repassivation mechanisms that includes corrosion products are discussed. This data can then be incorporated in the development of more accurate pitting corrosion and corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking models.

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Premature Corrosion Attack of Stainless Steel Pipes and Welds

Product Number: 51324-20325-SG

Author: Hussain H. AlMahamedh; Ali H. AlShawaf

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Newly constructed Stainless Steel Pipes experienced multiple leaks during commissioning. The different sizes pipe were constructed of 316L and 304L stainless steel at one of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) affiliates. A failure investigation was performed to identify the root cause of the leaks. Samples were cut out of the pipes for analytical study. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study the corrosion damage morphology and the chemical compositions of the corrosion products. Cross sectional samples, out of the pipes, were prepared for Metallographic examinations. XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry) and carbon/sulfur analyzer was used to identify the chemical composition of the pipes material. The failure investigation suggests that, improper welding, mothballing and lay-up of the piping network after hydrotesting promoted Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC).

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Probabilistic Evaluation of Baffle-Former Bolt Cracking in PWRs

Product Number: 51317--8857-SG

ISBN: 8857 2017 CP

Author: George Licina

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A methodology for evaluating the probability of baffle-former bolt cracking was developed for applicability to presurized water reactors.

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Proposed Crack Growth Rate Disposition Curves For Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy 82 In BWR Environments

Product Number: ED22-18350-SG

Author: P.L. Andresen, D.J. Shim, T. Terachi, T. Yamada, Y. Nomura

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A database of SCC growth rates in commercial austenitic stainless steels exposed to pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water environments was developed and analyzed from international data in high temperature water, with an emphasis on deaerated or hydrogenated water while also including water containing oxygen. Crack growth rate (CGR) disposition equations were derived to reflect the effects of stress intensity factor (K), temperature, Vickers hardness (HV, to represent retained deformation), with enhancement factors for oxygen-containing, high corrosion potential conditions. The tolerance to chloride and sulfate impurities in PWR primary water was also evaluated.

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Reduce OPEX and CAPEX in Refining Process Unit Fired Heaters Using Ceramic Coating Technology

Product Number: MECC23-19920-SG

Author: Sanjay Lodha

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The formation of carbon deposits and fouling of tubes is one of the most common operational issues regarding the operability and lifetime of materials at an industrial scale. Several billion dollars are spent worldwide on annual basis to upgrade/change materials apart from revenue loss on account of production halt and additional costs incurred in maintenances. Particularly, the carbon deposition in the refining process is an evitable and undesired factor.

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Refinement Of Citric Acid Passivation Methods And Comparison To Traditional Nitric Acid Based Chemistries

Product Number: 51322-17628-SG

Author: David G. Enos, Derek Wichhart

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Traditional solutions for the chemical passivation of stainless steel are nitric acid based, with the addition of sodium dichromate as an inhibitor for precipitation hardened and free machining stainless steels. These passivation chemistries are difficult to handle from an environmental health and safety point of view, particularly the dichromate inhibited versions. Citric acid passivation has been pursued as a replacement for both nitric acid and inhibited nitric acid based chemistries for many years, and has been incorporated into consensus specifications such as ASTM A967 and SAE AMS2700.

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Results and Relation to Deformation Mechanisms for SSRT Testing of Austenitic Stainless in Hydrogen Gas

Product Number: 51324-20659-SG

Author: Ulf H Kivisäkk; Ulrika Borggren; Raveendra Siriki

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The use of Hydrogen as a fuel is widely discussed today with stainless steels able to be used for tubing and as fittings in various systems. The application areas vary from tubing and fittings in vehicles, filling stations, production or storages facilities. In all applications resistance against hydrogen embrittlement is a key prerequisite. Earlier the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of three austenitic stainless steels tested by different SSRT methods has been reported: electrochemical charged, thermal pre-charged and in situ testing in 85 to 87.5 MPa hydrogen gas at -40°C. The low nickel versions of UNS S31603 experienced brittle fracture whereas the high nickel version of UNS S31603 as well as UNS S31675 had ductile fractures. The appearance of the fracture surface in SEM indicates that all test methods promote ingress of hydrogen to the center of the specimen. In this work, study of the deformation mechanisms has been performed by EBSD obtained 5 mm from the fracture. The study reveals that the low nickel version of UNS S31603 experiences formation of deformation induced martensite, the high nickel version of UNS S31603 shows no martensite but produces twinning. UNS S31675 which has a small grain size shows no formation of martensite and only small degree of twinning. The deformation structures are discussed with respect to the outcome of the SSRT-testing and austenite stability.

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Role of Grain Boundary Oxidation in Crack Initiation of Neutron-irradiated Stainless Steel

Product Number: ED22-17333-SG

Author: Srinivasan Swaminathan, Donghai Du, Gary S. Was

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) continues to be a major concern for the
structural integrity of core internals in both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water
reactor (BWRs). While factors such as stress, an irradiated microstructure and a high temperature
water environment are required for IASCC, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism
has become a subject of intense long-term research. In the last two decades, much progress has
been made in understanding IASCC susceptibility, though a clear cause-and-effect has yet to be
established on the mechanism of intergranular cracking in highly neutron irradiated stainless steels
in the PWR environment.

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RP0170-1985 - Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steel From Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking During Shutdown of Refinery Equipment-HD1985

Product Number: 21002-HD1985

Author: NACE

Publication Date: 1983

$179.00

Methods to protect austenitic stainless steel from polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (SCC) found to occur during downtimes and contiguous shutdown and start-up periods. Historical Document 1986

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RP0170-1993- Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Other Austenitic Alloys from Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking during Shutdown of Refinery Equipment-HD1993

Product Number: 21002-HD1993

Author: NACE

Publication Date: 1993

$179.00

Methods to protect austenitic stainless steel and other austenitic alloys from polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (SCC) occurring during downtimes and contiguous shutdown and start-up periods. Historical Document 1993

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RP0199-HD1999-Installation of Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel and Nickel-Alloy Roll-Bonded and Explosion-Bonded Clad Plate in Air Pollution Control Equipment-HD1999

Product Number: 21087-HD1999

ISBN: 1-57590-075-0

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 1999

$179.00

Technical and quality assurance guidelines for the fabrication, welding, and installation of stainless chromium-nickel steel and nickel-alloy roll-bonded and explosion-bonded clad plate in air pollution control and other process equipment. Historical Document 1999

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RP0199-HD2004-Installation of Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel and Nickel-Alloy Roll-Bonded and Explosion-Bonded Clad Plate in Air Pollution Control Equipment-HD2004

Product Number: 21087-HD2004

ISBN: 1-57590-075-0

Author: NACE International

Publication Date: 2004

$179.00

Technical and quality assurance guidelines for the fabrication, welding, and installation of stainless chromium-nickel steel and nickel-alloy roll-bonded and explosion-bonded clad plate in air pollution control & other process equipment. Historical Document 2004

Products tagged with 'stainless steel'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance