AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'stainless steels'

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Failure Analysis Of Hydrotested 12-Inch Type 304 SS Pipe Sections

Product Number: 51322-17852-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam, Chris Miller, Cody Robinson, Scott Harding, Amilcar Oberto

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pre-commissioning hydrostatic testing of pipelines and the resulting corrosion (MIC) issues are often linked to test water quality, as well as post-test cleaning operations. In a 1998 study, it was reported that localized corrosion (pitting/crevice corrosion) accounted for 20% of failures in the chemical process industry with an estimated one half of those being MIC failures. Identification of MIC failures is not straightforward. Common characteristic features such as pit clustering, “tunneling” of pits, tuberculation, high microbiological counts, presence of sulfides (in the case of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB)) and preferential weld attack have been used to anecdotally pinpoint field failures towards MIC.

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High Strength Austenite For Additive Manufacturing

Product Number: 51322-17496-SG

Author: Dr. Andreas Mohr, Dr. Horst Hill, Dipl.-Ing. Karlheinz P.J. Hoeren, M.sc. Janosch Conrads

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Typical austenitic stainless steels like 316L (S31603) contain chromium, nickel, and, optionally, molybdenum as major alloying elements. These are required to provide their beneficial properties, which include e.g. very high corrosion resistance and high ductility and toughness, yet showing comparably low strength and hardness. General corrosion resistance is primarily achieved by the element chromium, which causes formation of a thin but dense chromium oxide layer on the surface, when the amount of chromium dissolved in the metallic matrix is larger than approximately 10.5 wt%.

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Impact Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration In Seawater Injection Well On The Localized Corrosion Resistance Of Low Stainless Steel Grades

Product Number: 51323-19063-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur, Nicolas Larché, Perry Ian Nice, Bruce Cowe

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stainless steels have been used for a wide range of applications in seawater. They are known to be susceptible to localized corrosion under given conditions. This is often the limiting factor for the use of stainless steels for seawater applications.

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In-Situ Determination Of The Degree Of Sensitization In Austenitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51322-17805-SG

Author: Pablo M. Altamirano, Mariano A. Kappes, Martín A. Rodríguez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in refineries and petrochemical industries due to their good combination of properties such as workability, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. However, one of the most important problems they show, and which can lead to failures in service, is the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC). When these materials are subjected to temperatures in the range from 500 ºC to 800 °C, the precipitation of chromium-rich carbides occurs preferentially at grain boundaries (GB).

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Investigation On The Localized Corrosion Performance Of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels In Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Product Number: 51322-17756-SG

Author: Audrey Allion, Nicolas Larché, Dominique Thierry, Benoît Emo, Elisabeth Johansson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Wastewater coming from both municipal and industrial activities present corrosive properties toward metals and can in certain cases exceed the tolerances of the most often used stainless steels such as 304L and 316L, thus resulting in the need of superior alloys. The main factors influencing the corrosiveness of the fluids in wastewater treatment plants are high concentration of halides (more specifically chlorides), H₂S, low pH, temperature and their combined action. Corrosiveness of incoming fluids at a municipal wastewater treatment finds its roots in the municipal collection network.

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Materials and Corrosion Risk Mitigation Associated with Flowback of Acid Stimulation Fluids

Product Number: 51317--8917-SG

ISBN: 8917 2017 CP

Author: Sandra Hernandez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Acid stimulation is a growing practice in the deep water subsea environment. Two acids were tested, one of hydrofluoric and acetic acids and another of hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, and acetic acids. Results and outlines recommendations for different alloys are presented.

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Modeling Corrosion of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Complex Environments in Wide Concentration Ranges

Product Number: 51324-20731-SG

Author: Deepti Ballal; Andre Anderko

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion in acidic solutions frequently leads to equipment failure in industry. The ability to model corrosion in acidic solutions is thus necessary to increase asset integrity. A prerequisite for any corrosion model is the accurate knowledge of solution thermodynamics. In this study, a previously developed electrochemical module has been integrated with the Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic model. MSE has been previously proven to accurately represent the behavior of solutions, including solubility limits, pH, and transport properties. Here, the accuracy of MSE in predicting speciation in acidic systems is demonstrated. The electrochemical module, which incorporates partial anodic and cathodic reactions, can model active corrosion, active-passive transition, as well as dissolution in the passive state. The model is shown to quantitatively predict the corrosion rates of two duplex stainless steels, i.e., 2507 (UNS S32750) and 255 (UNS S32550) in acid mixtures containing both oxidizing and non-oxidizing acids. The effects of aggressive (fluoride and chloride) and inhibitive (nitrate) species are also accurately predicted. Simulated polarization curves are presented for the mixed acid systems to illustrate the effect of different species on the anodic and cathodic processes.

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NACE Publication 21429-2018-SG - State of the Art Report on Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcement

Product Number: 21429-SG

Publication Date: 2018

$109.00

New for 2018! This NACE International state-of-the-art report contains information about materials that provide a corrosion-resistant alternative to plain carbon steel reinforcing bar (rebar). The report is intended for use by engineers when considering the use of alternative concrete reinforcement and post- or prestressing strand materials with higher corrosion resistance than that of conventional carbon steel alloys.

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Nitrite-Based Oxidative Chemical Treatments for Polythionic Acid SCC Mitigation

Product Number: 51324-21145-SG

Author: Nathaniel Sutton; Sean Sears

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Reactive metal sulfides introduce safety and reliability risks to hydroprocessing (and other) refinery units during outages. Self-heating or pyrophoric catalysts are a concern, as is stress corrosion cracking of sensitized stainless-steel equipment open to air. A nitrite-based aqueous treatment has been developed and deployed in the field, which addresses both catalyst pyrophoricity and polythionic acid (PTA) SCC of equipment. This paper will present case studies where refineries have relied solely upon the nitrite-based oxidizing solution for PTASCC mitigation. Prior published laboratory testing of the nitrite-based oxidizing treatment used spray-applied iron sulfide (FeS) powder and moist air to produce a PTA environment. One limitation of that approach was that the porous nature of the surface does not adequately simulate a “real” FeS layer formed during years of exposure to high temperature sulfidizing processes. This paper presents additional test results on actively loaded bend specimens of ex-service 347H heater tube extracted from an operating diesel hydrotreater unit.

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The Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels: A Practical Guide for Engineers

Product Number: 37636-E

ISBN: 978-1-57590-369-9

Author: Roger Francis

Publication Date: 2018

$150.00

Since the 1980s, a range of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) has been developed that have higher alloy content, and therefore greater corrosion resistance and strength. The commonly used DSSs have good corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments and excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Their high strength and hardness also gives them excellent resistance to both erosion corrosion and cavitation. There are also cast versions of many of the duplex compositions and these have seen extensive use for pumps, valves, and other equipment.

Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel

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UNS N08935- A New Alloy For Seawater Applications

Product Number: 51321-16573-SG

Author: Josefin Eidhagen/ Robert Mattsson Öhnfeldt/ Ulf Kivisäkk

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Products tagged with 'stainless steels'

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