AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'hydrogen embrittlement'

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Coating the Way to a Hydrogen Economy: Challenges Ahead

Product Number: MECC23-19939-SG

Author: Amal Al-Borno; Henry Pedraza; Jeffrey Rogozinski; Jigar K. Mistry

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The increasing demand for energy has brought a pressing need to reduce our reliance on regular fossil fuels as they are a primary source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The continued use of these fuels has resulted in an anthropogenic based increase in global warming, climate change, and other environmental challenges. To tackle these issues, it is essential to shift towards alternative sources of energy that are renewable and sustainable, and that can provide a pathway to stated decarbonization goals.

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Comparison of Two ASTM E1820 Standard Fracture Toughness Test Methods for LAS Material in Deaerated Saltwater under Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51324-21094-SG

Author: Arshad B Gavanluei; Joseph Wilhelmi; Paul Bunch; Matt Vaclavik; Fokion Oikonomidis

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Low alloy steels (LAS), frequently used for pressure-containing equipment in subsea applications, are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when exposed to seawater environments under cathodic protection (CP), which can result in a reduction of toughness and ductility. Fracture toughness, which is an indication of a material’s resistance to crack propagation and unstable crack growth, is often determined from laboratory tests for design verification analysis or fitness-for-service applications. In hydrogen charging environments such as deaerated saltwater under CP, the fracture toughness is typically measured using either an unloading compliance (UC) or a rising displacement DCPD test method, both of which are described for air testing in the current ASTM E1820 standard. In this study, slow load rate fracture toughness tests on compact tension C(T) specimens using both test methods on the same heat of material are performed and compared. The tests are performed in a deaerated saltwater under CP environment using the same targeted K-rate of 0.005N/mm3/2/s. The UC test method is performed with a clip gauge for load-line displacement (LLD) and in-situ crack depth measurement, and the rising displacement DCPD test method infers LLD indirectly and uses DCPD for crack depth prediction. A comparison of the test results indicated a 35-65% increase in the calculated ???????? fracture toughness of the material when using the rising displacement DCPD test method.

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Conducting Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe Condition Assessment By Matching Corrosion Damage Mechanisms To Diagnostic Methods

Product Number: 51322-18234-SG

Author: Robert A. (Randy) Nixon,

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The major damage mechanisms for Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) are well-known for both water transmission mains and wastewater force mains.

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Correlation Of Hydrogen Diffusion And Trapping Behaviour With Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance In Line Pipe Steels

Product Number: 51321-16564-SG

Author: Ali Smith/ Philippe Darcis/ Emanuele Paravicini Bagliani

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Dependence Of Time To Fracture Due To Hydrogen Embrittlement On Stress, Hydrogen Content, And Temperature In Rebar For Prestressed Concrete

Product Number: 51322-17909-SG

Author: Takuya Kamisho, Ryuta Ishii, Masayuki Tsuda

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Rebars used in prestressed concrete structures are constantly subjected to tensile stress, and some rebars have been reported to fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement.1 It is important to know the hydrogen embrittlement behavior in rebars to prevent fractures. The effects of environmental conditions such as tensile stress, hydrogen content, and temperature on time to fracture have been evaluated individually;^2,3 however, their combined effects have not been clarified. The purpose of this study is to experimentally clarify the relationship between time to fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement and environmental conditions to which the rebars are subjected.

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Developing Additively Manufactured Alloy UNS N07718 for Critical Oilfield Applications

Product Number: 51323-19220-SG

Author: Wei Chen, Thomas Dobrowolski, Paul Agosta, Nicholas Barta, Lakshmi Vendra, Juan Carlos Flores

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Additively Manufactured Alloy UNS N07718 (AM 718) has been increasingly adopted for components in oilfield applications. AM 718 fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has demonstrated not only excellent mechanical performance, but also promising capabilities in critical services such as sour or hydrogen-generating conditions. In oilfield applications, it is generally felt that AM 718 should comply with API standard 20S4, and align with the requirements for wrought 718 in API 6ACRA.

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Development of a Master Curve to Characterize the Susceptibility of Fastener Materials to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51324-20813-SG

Author: Ted L Anderson; Behrang Fahmi; Herman E. Amaya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper introduces an innovative approach for mitigating hydrogen embrittlement in materials used in underwater environments, a critical challenge in marine engineering. Our study focuses on developing a comprehensive 'master curve' that encapsulates the complex interplay among key factors: hydrogen concentration, applied potential, and material strength. This curve serves as a predictive tool for evaluating the susceptibility of materials to hydrogen embrittlement, a phenomenon that lacks a one-size-fits-all solution. Through fracture mechanics testing of carbon steel alloys and rigorous analysis, quantitative relationships between these factors are established. This research not only aids in optimizing material selection and designing effective cathodic protection systems but also ensures enhanced safety and integrity in operational contexts. The master curve, rooted in both empirical data and theoretical insights, offers a strategic framework for engineers and industry professionals, guiding decisions that enhance the durability and reliability of subsea equipment.

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Diffusion of Hydrogen into Pipeline Steel around an External Weld

Product Number: 51323-19403-SG

Author: William Mohr, Amin Moghaddas

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

While dedicated hydrogen pipelines have been present on the Gulf Coast of the US for decades, new application opportunities are opening up for transportation of hydrogen as a greener fuel. Some opportunities may be for newly built transportation lines while others may use existing natural gas pipelines that are converted to wholly or partially carry hydrogen. A normal part of operating a pipeline system is reconfiguring the system to add new pipes by making tie-in welds joining the new pipe to the wall of the existing pipe.

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Effect Of Deleterious Grain Boundary Phase In N07725 On HISC Resistance And Performance Of An Optimized Alloy

Product Number: 51323-19252-SG

Author: Andreas Keplinger, Greg Chitwood, Jan Platl, Marianne Kapp

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel-base alloys are frequently used as engineering materials in the Oil & Gas industry. They excel because of their outstanding combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. In that regard, alloy N07725 is of high interest as it offers better corrosion resistance than the widely used N07718, while also offering better high temperature strength than solid-solution nickel-base alloys.

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Effect of Different Strength Levels, Coatings and Cathodic Charging Levels on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of AISI 4340 Bolting Material

Product Number: 51320-14469-SG

Author: Timothy Haeberle, Evan J. Dolley Jr.

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

AISI 4340 low-alloy steel (UNS G43400) is frequently used for critical bolting applications on subsea equipment in the oil and gas industry because of its ability to be heat treated to high strength levels while maintaining high toughness, even in large diameter bolting. However, several field incidents resulting from hydrogen embrittlement of AISI 4340 bolting have brought into question the maximum hardness that should be specified for low-alloy steel bolting and whether zinc electroplating can contribute to hydrogen embrittlement of low-alloy steel bolting in subsea applications.

In this evaluation, the relative hydrogen embrittlement resistance of AISI 4340 with different mechanical properties and surface conditions was determined using electrochemical pre-charging followed by step loading per ASTM F1624-121 in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The test specimens were round, notched tensile test bars stressed in uniaxial tension to simulate the load on a tensioned bolt. Testing was performed on material at two different strength levels with no coating, with zinc electroplate (both baked and un-baked), and with a phosphate coating to evaluate the effects of coatings. The tests were performed in air, in the NaCl solution at open circuit potential, and in the NaCl solution at -950 mV, -1050 mV, and - 1250 mV (Ag/AgCl) to evaluate the effects of different levels of cathodic protection.

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Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Low Alloy Steels in Saltwater with Cathodic Protection Environment

Product Number: 51323-18913-SG

Author: Arshad Bajvani Gavanluei, Jenny Crump, Joseph Wilhelmi, Jack Smith, Paul D. Bunch

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Low alloy steels (LAS) are widely used in the marine and offshore oil and gas industry for various applications from bolting to large pressure containing heavy wall forgings. These materials are subject to various types of corrosion (general or uniform, pitting, crevice, etc.) and degradation in seawater environment. However, their selection for the applications, in comparison with stainless steels and corrosion resistant alloys, is justified due to their availability, manufacturability, proven service history, and lower cost.

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Effect of Microstructural Particularities on the Corrosion Resistance of Nickel Alloy UNS N07718 – What Really Makes the Difference

Product Number: 51317--9068-SG

ISBN: 9068 2017 CP

Author: Jutta Kloewer

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Several mechanisms including Hydrogen-Enhanced Localised Plasticity (HELP) and Hydrogen-Enhanced De-cohesion (HEDE) have been identified as contributing to the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of UNS N07718, depending upon microstructural particularities in the material.

Products tagged with 'hydrogen embrittlement'

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