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Both commercial and model Ni-based alloys were tested in 1-h cycles at 800-950°C in wet air, and the oxide scales formed on wrought Ni-(14-25)wt%Cr binary alloys were characterized.
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In the United States, there are fuel pipelines spanning more than 2.6 million miles. A major portion of the pipelines is gas distribution lines, where the product is delivered from the pressure regulating station to the customer’s home or facility. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration (PHMSA) finalized rules for Distribution Integrity Management Program (DIMP) plans in 2009, enforcing the distribution pipeline operators to assess, report, and manage the risk associated with the pipeline operation. Corrosion threat is one major threat to the pipeline operation and integrity based on CFR 192, CFR 195 and ASME B31.82. A comprehensive understanding and assessment of corrosion risk are indispensable for a safer pipeline operation. This demands a more precise understanding, prediction, and management of the pipeline corrosion
Impressed current rectifiers are the backbone of a pipeline operator’s cathodic protection (CP) systems. A rectifier’s ability to protect a large length of electrically continuous pipeline considerably improves efficiencies and reduces material costs as compared to galvanic systems. However, like galvanic anodes, impressed current anodes are a consumable asset, and require replacement at the end of their service life to ensure that the rectifier can continue to adequately protect the pipeline.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC) of gas transmission lines constitute about 2.6% of the total number of significant incidents recorded in the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration (PHMSA) database [1]. For the hydrocarbon liquid pipelines, the EAC-related incidents constitute about 1%. Although Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) incidents are a relatively small percentage of significant incidents, it is important to predict the location and rate of growth of SCC because of the potential for catastrophic consequences from the growth of undetected cracks.
Pipelines have been the main transportation pattern of oil and gas because of their safety and economy, which are considered as the lifeline of offshore oil and gas transportation. With the booming development of offshore oil industry, the frequency of pipeline leakage is also increasing. Corrosion is one of the important factors due to some characteristics such as operating environment, service life and transportation medium, etc., which damages the integrity of the pipeline and damage the normal operation of pipelines. Furthermore, leakage accidents caused by pipeline corrosion have occurred all over the world, accounting for 70~90% of total accidents, which has caused huge economy losses and catastrophic environmental damage.
The pipeline industry has widely used integrity principles to manage time-dependent and time-independent threats. The detection of time-dependent threats such as corrosion has been accomplished by using inline inspection tool technologies such as ultrasonic and magnetic flux leak inspection tools. However, most facility piping assets can not easily be inspected using in-line inspection methods and must instead be assessed using data collected from operations, such as flow frequency, product type, Cathodic protection record, or Direct Assessment Methods using Non Destructive Testing such as ultrasonic measurements or monitoring of corrosion coupons.
The paper will cover the construction method (based on Random forest algorithms), the first results. We will see the enhancements of the model by injecting more data and modifying mathematical rule, and how it will be able to integrate a new decision support tool.
Atmospheric corrosion proceeds via several processes that proceed in sequence and/or parallelacross multiple classes of matter (the atmosphere, condensed aqueous solution, polymer coatings, oxidescales, precipitated salts, and microstructurally heterogeneous metal alloys). Multiple physical andchemical phenomena contribute to the process of corrosion, including mass-transport, electrochemicaleffects, metal dissolution, grain-boundary transport, etc. For this reason, it is difficult to directly predict,using fundamental physics or chemical principles, the corrosion rate of a metal in its environment.