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Thermally sprayed CRA coatings can provide a cost-effective corrosion mitigation method for infrastructure in wet supercritical CO2 at 40°C and 80°C. The scales formed on the steel protected it from further corrosion in 10 MPa and 50 MPa CO2.
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Autoclave tests were performed in CO₂, O₂, and H₂O at 8 MPa at 50°C and 245°C, (heat exchanger operating conditions). Results show significant corrosion in a pressure / temperature region where H₂O saturated with CO₂ condenses on the coupons.
Experiments were carried out in a 7.5L autoclave with two combinations of CO2 partial pressure and temperature and different H2S concentrations. Corrosion behavior of specimens was evaluated using electrochemical measurements and surface analytical techniques.
The corrosion mechanism of X65 carbon steel was evaluated in water environment by increasing CO2 partial pressure from 1 bar at 24 °C to 110 bar at 40 °C, reaching conditions that include water saturated with supercritical CO2.
Before full decarburization can be achieved, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) suggests an applicable way of combining CO2-producing processes with the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. Except for permanent CO2 storage, the economics and efficiency of CCUS processes can be further improved by utilizing the CO2 byproduct in other industry areas. One of the promising methods is to use the captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies to achieve the net-zero emission. One of the CCUS method is CO2 injection to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers and storage (CCS). The CO2 emitted from fossil fuel-based powers and industrial plants are captured and transported to the injection point by ships or pipe line. Following that, the dense phase or supercritical phase CO2 will be injected to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers through oil country tubular goods, for examples, seamless pipe.
The number of CCS projects (planned and in operation) is increasing, and project developers need to provide firm evidence that the proposed material is suitable for these applications.The petroleum industry has long experience with materials selection for wells, but the conditions for CO2 injection wells are somewhat different from “conventional” oil and gas wells. This is due to the high CO2 content and pressure (up to several hundred bar) which results in low pH condensed water (exact value depends on pressure and temperature, but approximately pH 3.0).
High pressure and high temperature processes are present in a wide variety of industries and are often pushing the limits of common materials. As a result, these applications have required advanced materials as well as an improved understanding of the in-situ conditions. Furthermore, those processes have become more and more present in a wide range of industries such as upstream oil and gas (O&G) and power generation (in supercritical CO2 or molten salt nuclear reactors). The corrosion performance of existing and emerging materials to the extreme environments present in next generation power must be well characterized to ensure material integrity and reduce the risk of catastrophic failures due to environmentally assisted cracking, homogeneous corrosion, thermal oxidation, or other mechanisms.