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Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies to achieve the net-zero emission. One of the CCUS method is CO2 injection to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers and storage (CCS). The CO2 emitted from fossil fuel-based powers and industrial plants are captured and transported to the injection point by ships or pipe line. Following that, the dense phase or supercritical phase CO2 will be injected to depleted oil and gas wells or aquifers through oil country tubular goods, for examples, seamless pipe.
In carbon capture and storage (CCS), the CO2 emitted from various industries containing impurities is captured and injected to underground in dense or supercritical phase through a tubing. In order to evaluate corrosion resistance of the tubing materials in supercritical CO2 environment with impurity, corrosion tests were performed in the conditions of CO2, containing 5 wt% NaCl with O2 or SO2 at total pressure of 130 bar and temperature of 100 °C. The corrosion rates of UNS S41426 (13Cr super martensitic stainless steel) were higher than 1 mm/y in the solution saturated CO2 with 2% O2, as well as with 0.02% SO2. On the other hand, UNS82551 (25Cr duplex stainless steel) and UNS S39274 (25Cr super duplex stainless steel) showed the corrosion rates of 0.1 mm/year or less and no pitting corrosion when the impurity gas concentration was 0.02% SO2. UNS S39274 showed the same results even in the condition with 4% O2 or 0.50% SO2.The authors conducted the analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confirmed that Cr concentrated in the passivation film of S39274 after the corrosion test. Therefore, it is considered that UNS S39274 would be a suitable material even in the supercriticalCO2 environment contaminated with impurities (O2 or SO2).
Results from novel transparent autoclave experiments. Carbon steel corrosion coupons were exposed to impurities levels within established specifications at simulated transport conditions (25 °C and 10 MPa of CO2).
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Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, commonly known as duplex stainless steels (DSSs), are a group of materials typically consisting of equal amounts austenite and ferrite. DSSs are well-known materials in chemical industry and are often a cost-effective alternative as they combine high mechanical strength and fatigue resistance with good corrosion properties. Contributing to the cost-effectiveness is the low nickel content compared to austenitic stainless steels. Advantages with DSSs are high chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance (SCC), where austenitic steels with moderate nickel content are inherently more sensitive. In combinations with carbon steel it can be a benefit to use DSSs since carbon steel and DSSs have matching thermal expansion.
This paper shares experiences and challenges of corrosion risk assessment in the down-stream petroleum industries and simplify ways of managing corrosion through effective corrosion assessment regime.