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In the current study, mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were exposed to a 1 wt% NaCl solution sparged at 0.096 MPa pCO2 and 15 ×10-6 MPa or less pH2S (≤ 150 ppm H2S/CO2).
Localized corrosion has been a challenge for the integrity of mild steel pipelines, specifically at operating conditions where a trace amount of H2S is present alongside CO2 at lower temperatures. The presence of H2S leads to formation of a protective iron sulfide layer that decreases the general corrosion rate; however, a trace amount of H2S may only lead to a partially protective mackinawite layer that could result in localized corrosion. In the current study, mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were exposed to a 1 wt% NaCl solution sparged at 0.096 MPa pCO2 and 15 ×10-6 MPa or less pH2S (≤ 150 ppm H2S/CO2). At pH 5.0 and 30oC the bulk solution was under-saturated with respect to iron sulfide - mackinawite and iron carbonate. At these marginally sour conditions, a H2S/CO2 threshold of approximately 100 ppm was deduced, below which localized corrosion happened. At the tested conditions no localized corrosion occurred for the same environmental conditions when H2S/CO2 ratio was above 100 ppm or when there was no H2S present.
A case study is presented for the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) analysis to quantify and compare different corrosion mitigation methods. Strategies to minimize the costs due to corrosion are included.
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Quality assurance and procurement & construction challenges associated with DSS materials and operational best practices to ensure integrity and meet intended design life cycle of DSS components.
This study demonstrates that the mechanisms of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB), against X65 carbon steel and pure copper belong to two different types of MIC.