AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Development and Implementation of High-Pressure Large-Diameter RTR Pipe Systems for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines

Product Number: MECC23-20061-SG

Author: Alwin Fahrer; Lamont Inglehart

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

To maintain production levels, oil fields in the Middle East increasingly require water injection to maintain pressure in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected water increases the water cut of the produced fluids, resulting in a very corrosive mixture for metallic piping. Therefore, nonmetallic pipe systems have become more widely accepted as alternative pipe materials for transporting produced fluids and injection water.

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Development and Testing of a Mechanistic Based Atmospheric Corrosion Prediction System

Product Number: 51323-18962-SG

Author: A.R. Trueman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The work here is the culmination of many years of prior effort in the development of an atmospheric corrosion model and accompanying sensors. Atmospheric corrosion is a complicated process where many factors interact to determine if it occurs and its severity. These factors can be separated into
three general categories: environmental, surface salts, and materials.

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Development and Validation of In-Field qPCR Methods for Microbial Analysis at Oil and Gas Facilities

Product Number: 51315-5948-SG

ISBN: 5948 2015 CP

Author: Neil Sharma

Publication Date: 2015

$0.00

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Development of 27–7MO: An Improved Superaustenitic Stainless Steel With High Strength and Excellent Corrosion Resistance for Sour Service

Product Number: 04114-SG

Author: N.C. Eisinger, J.R. Crum, B. C. Puckett

Publication Date: 2004

$20.00

Material selection for downhole applications has become more difficult as the number of alloys continues to increase. On one hand, stainless steels like 316 offer a relatively low initial cost, but are not suited for many severe applications or environments. Other alloys, like MP35N, offer considerable strength and corrosion resistance, but with a much higher cost. Thus, an attempt has been made to create an alloy that spans the considerable gap between the 300 series of stainless steels and the nickel or cobalt base alloys. The resulting 6% Mo stainless steels offered increased strength and corrosion resistance without a drastic cost increase. The first generation of superaustenitics still falls considerably short of the strength and corrosion resistance provided by established nickel or cobalt-base alloys. In an attempt to further bridge the remaining gap, a new superaustenitic stainless steel has been developed that maintains the attractive cost of the 6% Mo alloys, but enhances both corrosion resistance and strength to open up environments that were too severe for 6% Mo alloys. The development of this alloy along with localized corrosion resistance, qualification testing, and mechanical testing are discussed.

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Development of a 22%Cr Duplex Stainless Steel With Enhanced Weldability and Toughness Properties for Oil & Gas Applications

Product Number: 51319-12931-SG

Author: Sandra Le Manchet

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels were born and have been actively developed by European companies since 1935. Their properties make them very attractive compared to equivalent austenitic grades: higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking higher mechanical characteristics and lower alloy cost. They are today commonly used for Oil & Gas applications. However these materials cannot be used below -50°C (-58°F) because their toughness strongly decreases below this temperature. In addition they may require special precautions for welding in order to keep the ferrite content in heat affected zone lower than 65% as recommended by several standards.This paper will present the recent development of a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel grade with enhanced weldability and low-temperature properties. This material is based on the UNS S31803/S32205 designations and obtained by means of slight changes in the chemical analyses and production route compared to the conventional duplex grades. A strong increase in toughness values is obtained at low temperature pushing back the limits of use from -50°C (-58°F) to -100°C (-148°F). Toughness values obtained on samples up to 150 mm thick will be provided. In addition there is no need to control the minimum heat input to obtain the appropriate ferrite content in heat affected zone.This paper will describe the main service properties of this material focusing especially on corrosion and comparing its performance to a conventional 22%Cr duplex. The results of corrosion tests obtained in sour environment will be given. They were conducted on welded specimens in a solution containing 100 g/l NaCl at pH 4.5 under 0.5 bar H2S using the constant load test method. Stress corrosion cracking results obtained in synthetic seawater with and without cathodic charging will also be provided.Keywords: Stainless Steels; Duplex; Ferrite content; Oil & Gas; Low temperature; Weldability; H2S; Corrosion

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Development of a Combination Scale- and Corrosion Inhibitor for High TDS Brines at High Temperature

Product Number: 51319-13497-SG

Author: Ole Gilje Avaldsnes

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Accounting for 1.2 million bbls/day the Bakken shale plays a significant part in the North American unconventional boom. The formation is characterized with low porosity and permeability where wells exhibit high initial production rates and steep decline curves. Mitigating excessive decline is paramount to maintain return on investments.The system conditions and the produced water in the Bakken shale causes challenges that can impact productivity. The water composition is generally characterized with high total dissolved solids (TDS) resulting in high scaling tendencies for various species. In addition corrosion is also a challenge due to high TDS high downhole temperature (~250 °F) medium CO2 partial pressure (40-50 psi) and varying shear.A chemical qualification process is herein discussed where a combination corrosion- and scale inhibitor has been developed. The chemical is a synergistic blend of corrosion inhibitor actives and surfactants for corrosion mitigation and solids control combined with scale inhibitor and chelating agent for high iron tolerance scale control. The product had to be tailored to a chemical injection system that involves concurrent injection of several other production chemicals into a fresh water line that is subsequently injected downhole at elevated temperatures in a high TDS brine.Key words: Scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor high TDS compatibility combination production chemical Bakken

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Development of A Combined Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Multiphase Oil Field in Brazil

Product Number: 51323-18810-SG

Author: Larry Chen, Nihal Obeyesekere, Aline Kina, Lisa Greaney

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This production asset located in the deep-water offshore Brazil, producing heavy oil in the range of 16 to 24 oAPI. Mudline caisson separators with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used to process fluids from multiple wells and boost them to the receiving floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel(1). There are significant flow-assurance and corrosion challenges in operating the asset. One of the challenges is the production fields have limited subsea umbilical, necessitate the use of
multifunctional products to maintain the field’s integrity and mitigate any flow assurance and scale issues.

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Development of a concentrated corrosion inhibitor compatible with produced water brine and scale inhibitor

Product Number: 51320-14668-SG

Author: Sathees Kesavan, John Samuel Selvaraj, Suresh Seethalakshmi, Yure Queiros, Andrade Gessie, Nicolas Scanarotti

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Oil and gas production field requirements to maintain asset integrity and scale control are very diverse. In an operator’s field in Latin America, the conditions across several wells required the co-injection of corrosion and scale inhibitors. The brine composition of these wells is challenging due to relatively high concentration of calcium ions as well as the presence of iron. The selected scale and corrosion inhibitors need to be compatible with brine and with each other without negatively impacting the absolute performance of the individual products. An additional practical challenge for product selection was imposed by the extreme remote location of the field requiring the product to perform at an optimal dosage without increased transportation and logistics costs.

This paper describes the results from screening studies conducted with a series of corrosion inhibitor product formulations using different static and dynamic lab performance evaluation test methods. As the primary corrosion inhibitor actives are oil-soluble by nature, focus was given to formulating the product with an appropriate selection of solvents, such as methanol and isopropanol, and surfactants to achieve the desired compatibility with the brine and scale inhibitors. The final products were identified, and an optimal product dosage was arrived at based on tests conducted under typical and aggressive conditions representative of the field. However, due to the diversity of conditions and corrosion severity levels across multiple wells in this field, corrosion prediction simulations were run for unmonitored wells to estimate a baseline corrosion rate and build confidence in the recommended corrosion inhibitor product dosage. The validation of the prediction for monitored wells with ER probes will also be discussed in this study.

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Development of a Corrosion Control Program for Liquid Radioactive Wastes Stored in Carbon Steel Waste

Product Number: 51317--9688-SG

ISBN: 9688 2017 CP

Author: Bruce Wiersma

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Large underground, carbon steel tanks are used for interim storage of liquid radioactive waste. The current corrosion control program needs to be updated to account for the susceptibility to pitting corrosion of waste tanks due to the halide content of the secondary waste.

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Development of a Corrosion Inhibitor Formulation for Acid Cleaning of Geothermal Wells

Product Number: 51319-13376-SG

Author: Michael Todd

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Calcium carbonate and other mineral scales form in geothermal wells leading to reduced efficiency and sometimes well closure. Hydrochloric acid is used to dissolve carbonate scales and improve efficiency. This acid is very aggressive to the underlying metal which is typically steel. Corrosion inhibitors are typically added to the acid in order to reduce the corrosion rate. This paper describes the development of a corrosion inhibitor formulation which reduced the corrosion rate of steel in 15% hydrochloric acid. A number of inhibitors were screened to select the best performing compounds. Combinations of inhibitors were also tested to look for synergies. The results showed that a tertiary combination of inhibitors provided superior protection to any single inhibitor alone.

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Development Of A F22 Compatible Scale Inhibitor

Product Number: 51322-17610-SG

Author: Ya Liu, Benton Hutchinson, Rose Lehman, Jeffrey Russek, James Outlaw

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

F22 is a low alloy steel that typically contains 12% Carbon, 2.25% Chromium, and 1.0% Molybdenum1. This steel has been widely used in oil production systems, especially in well head design and construction. As a low alloy steel, F22 can be corroded by oilfield chemicals under certain circumstances. For example, it was observed in the Gulf of Mexico that typical scale inhibitor chemistries caused severe corrosion on F22.

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Development of a Gas-Phase Corrosion Inhibitor for Wet-Gas Carbon Dioxide Corrosion at 200°C

Product Number: 51323-18829-SG

Author: Wei Zhang, Jason Moses, William Cardwell, Samar Agha Keshmiri, Khoa Ky, David Orta, Alyn Jenkins

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Although organic corrosion inhibitors have been widely applied in the energy industry, many details regarding their protection mechanism remain unknown. For example, a corrosion inhibitor adsorbs on the clean steel/aqueous solution interface, driven by electrostatic interaction. With the corrosion product
layer formed, how would the inhibitor adsorption interact with the corrosion product nucleation and precipitation? What is the effect of pre-corrosion in inhibitor testing?

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance