AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

Available for download

Develop Test and Validate a Corrosion Monitoring Cell to Quickly Evaluate Effectiveness of the Corrosion Control Measures

Product Number: 51319-12841-SG

Author: Xihua He

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) are widely used in the oil and gas and nuclear industries. These are typically constructed of carbon steel bottoms and shells with the bottoms susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion control measures include cathodic protection (CP) systems various levels of vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) and combinations of VCIs CP and possibly biocides. The objective of this project was to develop test and validate an ultrasonic testing (UT) resonance probe and a corrosion monitoring cell to quickly evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control measures with a focus on measures that involve CP alone and a combined application of CP and VCIs. The UT probe is an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) used to generate ultrasonic shear waves for a resonance-based measurement approach. Three tests with the UT probe attached to the back of the carbon steel coupon set on wet sand were conducted in parallel. Test 1 started at open circuit (i.e. no CP) without any corrosion control measures followed by −850 mVCSE CP application later. Test 2 started with −850 mVCSE CP application followed by an open circuit. Test 3 started with both −850 mVCSE CP and VCI application followed by an open circuit. The posttest coupons were cleaned and scanned by a laser profilometer for corrosion depth measurement which was compared to the UT probe data.The resonance sensors successfully detected the onset and progress of corrosion from Cells 1 and 2 as CP was enabled and disabled. The absence of corrosion in Cell 3 also was clearly detected. The fundamental accuracy of the sensors was shown to be on the order of 1–3 µm when the surface being measured is very uniform. However it was not possible to make a quantifiable correlation between the corrosion profiles and the estimates from the sensors. When located over a non-uniform surface the sensors underestimated the amount of thickness loss likely due to scattering effects from feature scale lengths as small as or smaller than the ultrasonic wavelengths used as well as the variation in corrosion depths. Potential research is needed to understand the effects of variations in the surface that are small compared to the ultrasonic beam and even the ultrasonic wavelength. The adhered corrosion product on the coupons also may have affected the thickness readings because some of the ultrasonic beams were likely reflected from the corrosion/air interface in addition to the metal/corrosion interface. Further investigation would be required to determine if this was a significant factor.

Available for download

Developing a Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Framework to Evaluate the Cost-Effectiveness of Hydroelectric

Product Number: 51317--9099-SG

ISBN: 9099 2017 CP

Author: Bobbi Jo Merten

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The theoretical framework shown here includes a spreadsheet tool designed to accommodate all unique inputs and accounts for the time-value of money. It offers several output options, including the equivalent uniform annual cost, to aid decision makers in selecting coating systems.

Available for download

Developing a Wastewater Treatment Plant Coating Maintenance Program

Product Number: 41206-244-SG

Author: Ira Gabin

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

This presentation is designed to assist wastewater treatment plant maintenance superintendents effectively design and implement maintenance painting projects. Recommended practices are described for all project phases, from the initial corrosion survey, through cost estimating, specification preparation, bidding, project administration, field inspection, and OSHA, environmental compliance and plant operation considerations.

Available for download

Developing Additively Manufactured Alloy UNS N07718 for Critical Oilfield Applications

Product Number: 51323-19220-SG

Author: Wei Chen, Thomas Dobrowolski, Paul Agosta, Nicholas Barta, Lakshmi Vendra, Juan Carlos Flores

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Additively Manufactured Alloy UNS N07718 (AM 718) has been increasingly adopted for components in oilfield applications. AM 718 fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has demonstrated not only excellent mechanical performance, but also promising capabilities in critical services such as sour or hydrogen-generating conditions. In oilfield applications, it is generally felt that AM 718 should comply with API standard 20S4, and align with the requirements for wrought 718 in API 6ACRA.

Available for download

Developing an Appropriate Heat Treatment Protocol for Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 for Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: 51323-18793-SG

Author: M.R. Stoudt, M.E. Williams, J.S. Zuback, K.W. Moon, C.E. Campbell, C.R. Beauchamp, M. Yunovich

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformative technology that has opened areas of design space that were previously inaccessible by enabling the production of complex, three-dimensional parts and intricate geometries that were impractical to produce via traditional manufacturing methods. However, the extreme thermo-mechanical conditions in the AM build process (e.g., cooling rates ranging from 103 K/s
to 106 K/s and repeated heating/cooling cycles) generate deleterious microstructures with high residual stresses, and extreme compositional gradients.

Available for download

Developing an Efffective Coating Specification

Product Number: 51216-017-SG

Author: Breck Vernon

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This presentation will describe best practices for preparing a quality specification for applying protective coatings and linings to industrial structures. A well-prepared specification helps ensure that the contractor performs the work required in the allotted time. The presentation will focus on developing appropriate requirements for applying coatings and linings to obtain maximum system performance, service life, and protection of substrates in the prevailing service environment.

Available for download

Developing and Managing a Coatings & Linings Program in an Electric Utility

Product Number: 51317--8812-SG

ISBN: 8812 2017 CP

Author: Steve Poncio

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

To develop a Maintenance Coating Program encompassing cost justification for projects, pre-planning evaluation of safety and quality assurance programs. From two previous NACE Conference Papers.

Available for download

Developing Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum Alloys in Ethylene Glycol Coolant Solutions

Product Number: 51324-20382-SG

Author: Behzad Bavarian; Lisa Reiner

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Different vapor phase corrosion inhibitors were evaluated to determine their corrosion inhibition for aluminum alloys in Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) coolant mixture. When the temperature exceeds 80°C, ethylene glycol can decompose into organic acids. The resulting acidic environments cause severe localized corrosion of aluminum alloys. The corrosion behavior was studied at multiple temperatures in different corrosion inhibitors using different concentrations. Corrosion inhibitor VCI-A, VCI-B, VCI-C, and VCI-D at 2.5-3.0% dosage showed excellent corrosion protection. VCI-A, VCI-C and VCI-D maintained a steady, low corrosion rate during long term exposure by neutralizing pH and forming a hydrophobic film. They increase the polarization resistance by a significant factor, therefore, lowered corrosion rate. VCI-B inhibitor, also showed the ability to reduce the corrosion rate of aluminum in ethylene glycol solutions. However, due to its high pH chemistry, the effective dosage should be maintained at <2.5% to avoid any potential increase in pH that can promote localized corrosion or under-deposit corrosion attacks of aluminum alloys. The results of this investigation demonstrated that these inhibitors can lower the corrosion rate in water-ethylene glycol solutions by neutralizing pH and forming stable films.

Available for download

Development of Self-healing Coatings by Linseed Oil Encapsulation

Product Number: 51218-169-SG

Author: Haoran Wang, Qixin Zhou

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Self-healing coatings have been promising due to their automatic recovering functions, which can extend the coating lifetime with lower maintenance costs. One of the most effective strategies to achieve self-healing property is to encapsulate healing agents inside microcapsules and integrate the microcapsules into the coating matrix.

Development And Application Of A Thermochemical Database (MSTDB-TC) To Modeling Corrosion In Molten Salt Reactors

Product Number: ED22-17137-SG

Author: Theodore M. Besmann, Jacob A. Yingling, Johnathan C. Ard, Matthew S. Christian, Amir M. Mofrad, Juliano Schorne Pinto, Mahmoud A. A. Aslani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Accurate representations of the thermochemistry and phase equilibria of relevant molten salt constituents and their aggregate behavior are critical to the development, design, operation, and licensing of any molten salt reactor (MSR). This need is currently being addressed by the creation of a dedicated, high quality/validated MSR thermochemical database, the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemical (MSTDB-TC). MSTDB-TC is being populated with prioritized models and values for vapor species, and liquid and crystalline phases of chloride and fluoride fuel and coolant salts with relevant fission product and transuranic elements, and more recently with corrosion-relevant systems with chromium, iron, and nickel. Multi-cation crystalline and melt solution models are being incorporated, including newly developed relations as necessary, to obtain real system behavior.

Available for download

Development and Field Application of a New Bacteria Monitoring Technique

Product Number: 51319-13158-SG

Author: Alyn Jenkins

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Accurate bacteria population monitoring is important in oil and gas fields to mitigate microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) prevent reservoir souring and optimize biocide treatment strategies. Serum serial dilution testing (SSDT) is a flawed yet widely accepted traditional method for bacteria testing in the oil and gas industry. The serum bottle test is cumbersome to perform correctly in the best of conditions and impractical to use in most if not all oil and gas field applications. The SSDT culture method returns an indirect estimate of bacteria populations that are often misleading and inaccurate due to basic assumption of the test and users attempts to stream line the method.It is important for operators to understand the drawbacks of the SSDT method and be aware that alternative accurate field ready techniques for bacteria population measurements are available. This paper reports the work performed to a develop a new method to detect bacteria in oil and gas fields that is used to select test and apply fit for purpose bacteria control chemicals.The new methodology has many advantages over other commonly used methods such as the SSDT and ATP tests. The new technique provides a rapid bacteria measurement that can be performed wholly at the well site with real time results. The method gives highly accurate data simple to use and is compatible with oilfield production chemicals fluid chemistries and system microbiology. The approach uses a bacteria metabolism based assay technique that utilizes fluorescence spectroscopy to obtain a fluorescence value that is proportional to the total number of living bacteria present in a sample. However the new method is unique in that the user converts the fluorescence value into meaningful data such as colony forming units per mL or even number of equivalent bug bottle turns. The conversion is based on the results of thousands of experiments comparing the fluorescence value with accurate laboratory bacteria measurements (e.g. plate counts and nucleic acid base testing) performed on field waters from a wide variety of sources.The new technique has been used in many oilfields throughout the world and several case histories are presented where the technique has been used to successfully optimize biocide treatments. This new approach to bacteria monitoring is unique and allows immediate real-time post treatment testing to ensure biocide applications are effective.

Available for download

Development and Implementation of a Novel Method to Remove Inorganic Zinc Coating from Low Alloy Steel

Product Number: 41215-913-SG

Author: Barry Messer, Yasir Idlibi, Sergio Vitomir

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Inorganic zinc (IOZ) silicate coating was previously applied to partially fabricated low alloy, 21/4 Cr-1MoV, high temperature, hydrogen, reactor vessels for long-term storage corrosion protection prior to final welding and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 690-720°C (1274-1328°F). The need for complete coating removal to mitigate the known embrittlement and weld cracking that can occur after welding and PWHT led to the development of a novel, environmentally friendly method to remove IOZ to trace levels below 1 ppm.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance