AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Development of a Slurry Erosion Test standard of Industrial Maintenance Coatings

Product Number: 41215-936-SG

Author: David Tordonato, Bobbi Jo Merten, Allen Skaja

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Over the past several years, the Bureau of Reclamation’s Materials Engineering Research Laboratory has been developing and refining a test method to evaluate a coating’s resistance to erosion damage in sediment-laden immersion exposure. This test has initially been utilized as a screening/ranking method in selection of new coatings for the aforementioned severe service environments.

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Development Of A Tool To Track The Fraction Of Injected Water In Produced Water Streams

Product Number: 51323-19130-SG

Author: Thibaut V. J. Charpentier, Rose Lehman, Andre Leontieff

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Waterflooding is a common secondary recovery technique where injection water (IW) is used to maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. During such operations, the mobile hydrocarbon phase is displaced along with formation water (FW) toward producing wells. The resulting produced water stream is a blend of FW and IW; these waters can be incompatible resulting in dissolved ions to precipitate out of solution as mineral scale.

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Development of a Versatile Continuous Application Based Corrosion Inhibitor to Mitigate Top-of-the-Line Corrosion under Both Sweet and Sour Operating Conditions

Product Number: MECC23-19972-SG

Author: Jeremy Moloney

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) of carbon steel (CS) pipelines can be encountered during the transportation of wet gas under stratified flow conditions where temperature differences between the internal and external environments results in condensation of saturated vapors and water-wetted surface on the upper portion of the inside pipeline surface causing corrosion issues.1 Initially at least, the condensed water phase can be particularly corrosive with a low pH caused by dissolved acid gases (such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) as well as organic acids in an unbuffered thin water film. Like bottom-of-the-line corrosion, TLC can be dominated by either carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide corrosion mechanisms.

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Development of a Versatile Corrosion Inhibitor for Multiple Oil and Gas Operating Environments

Product Number: 51319-13001-SG

Author: Jeremy Moloney

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion inhibition is the preferred choice of internal corrosion control of carbon steel pipelines and downhole tubulars for many oil and gas operators. The selection of a corrosion inhibitor (CI) is often system dependent because a CI that performs well under one set of conditions may not always do so under another. Thus throughout the world a huge number of CI products are available and deployed to attend to the wide and varied operating environments encountered in the oil and gas industry to mitigate carbon steel corrosion. Consequently this often requires operators to have to handle numerous chemical products to treat different fields and/or to replace CIs for the same asset as the field conditions change over time. Since this can pose challenges to operators from a logistical viewpoint it is advantageous for a CI to have a wide window of operability in order to help reduce the number of products an operator has to manage.A recent R&D effort has focused on the development of a highly versatile CI product which has been specifically formulated using a unique backbone of chemistries to inhibit carbon steel corrosion in a broad range of operating environments. Furthermore it has favourable product attributes to enable it to be handled and applied in many regions of the world via various application methods. Through a number of examples this paper demonstrates the high level of corrosion inhibition performance and adaptability of the newly developed CI product under a number of simulated field laboratory testing conditions including at low and high shears using sweet and sour gas mixtures and differing brine compositions and temperatures. The new product also demonstrates favourable secondary and physical properties in terms of low foaming and emulsion tendency good product stability at various temperatures as well as passing key assessments for application via umbilical and downhole capillaries. Keywords: carbon steel corrosion inhibitor sweet sour carbon dioxide hydrogen sulphide localised corrosion pitting

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Development of a Water Ballast Tank Coating Monitoring System

Product Number: 51323-19320-SG

Author: Anders W. B. Skilbred, Kevin Farinholt, Erik Risberg, Fritz Friedersdorf

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Inspection of ballast tanks and enclosures is generally performed using traditional methods such as
visual inspection and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. However, it is common for these
methods to often be labor intensive and limited by physical restrictions that prohibit access to certain
areas. Further, the evaluation of the coating condition is heavily dependent on the inspector, and the
quality of the data gathered is varying.

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Development of an Asphaltene Deposit Cleaning Technology using a QCMB tecnique

Product Number: 51319-12821-SG

Author: Kevin Janak

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Asphaltenes are a components of crude oil defined as a solubility class i.e. as a component of crude oil insoluble in n-pentane (C5 asphaltenes) or n-heptane (C7 asphaltenes) but soluble in aromatic solvents such as toluene and are complex polyaromatic macrocyclic structures with an overall varied composition. Asphaltene deposition remediation and inhibition are important considerations for flow assurance in upstream processes but methodologies to assess performance for cleaning purposes can provide variable results. We report on the development of a dispersant additive for aromatic solvent systems using a QCMB technique for evaluating the cleaning of a deposit. Further we report the performance of the additive in a case study and hence the utility of the technique to provide an assessment for potential field use.

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Development Of An Efficient MIC Mitigation And Control Strategy In Pipelline Pigging Operations

Product Number: 51322-17632-SG

Author: David Armstrong, Hejian Sun, Yuxiu Liu, Patrick Powell

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

An operating company was concerned that its biocide and corrosion mitigation strategy was not sufficient to control corrosion in their pigging operations across the Gulf Coast of Texas. They provided water samples from several pigging access points that were heavily contaminated with SRBs, APBs, black deposits and oil. H₂S was present in most of the samples suggesting a heavy presence of SRBs. They suspected that the black deposits were most likely FeS caused by the presence of microorganisms interacting with their pipelines. Indeed, culture vial tests (sometimes referred to as “bug bottles”) proved that the samples were heavily contaminated with microorganisms.

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Development of an Electrochemical Method to Study Top-Of-The-Line Corrosion

Product Number: 51317--9106-SG

ISBN: 9106 2017 CP

Author: Md Mayeedul Islam

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A top-of-the-line monitoring cell has been developed, that measures in-situ corrosion rates by electrochemical methods. The data presented in this paper have been conducted over 5 days at variable condensation rates to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the methods applied.

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Development of an F22 Metal Compatible Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Application

Product Number: 51323-19069-SG

Author: Chunfang Fan, Wei Zhang, Tiffany Nguyen, Jason Moses, Alexander Nelson, David Orta

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Mineral scale deposition is one of the major flow assurance issues for the oil and gas industry. When an oil or gas well produces water, there is the possibility that scale could form either by the mixing of incompatible waters forming oversaturated brine or by direct precipitation of the water that occurs naturally in reservoirs due to the changes in pressure, temperature, or pH. Scale inhibitors are commonly used to prevent mineral scale formation during oil and gas production and mitigate this flow assurance issue.

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Development of Anti-Fouling Compound Extracted from Marine Resources in Preventing Marine Growth for Static Applications at Warm and Cold Water Environments

Product Number: 51324-20577-SG

Author: Nik Nor Azrizam Nik Norizam; Hasrizal A Rahman; Azmi Mohammed Nor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Marine growth had become a challenging issue to offshore industry, particularly at water injection system and immersed structures. Its presence will affect the performance of the facilities by reducing the efficiency of heat exchangers and causing excessive increase in weight to offshore structures and equipment. The effect could consequently lead to production deferment. Existing methods to control marine growth such as using chemical treatment (biocide and tributyltin) and mechanical treatment (mechanical wiper/shutter) do not seem to have been effective or environmental-friendly while at the same time, consuming high-power costs. In this research study, the focus is to assess extracted anti-fouling compound from identified potential marine resources in preventing marine growth at static structure application. The research methodology will consist of extraction of the compounds, anti-bacterial activity screening and anti-fouling analysis as part of preliminary screening to test efficiency in preventing the growth of barnacles specifically. The selected compounds from screening incorporate into a suitable anti-fouling paint. The efficiency of selected compound is further evaluated by continuing with field exposure at identify site location located at south china sea. During the field exposure, small coupons are coated according to PETRONAS technical standard requirement and exposed for duration of a month. The results from a month field exposure show developed anti-fouling compound managed to prevent growth of barnacle. The success formulation from a month exposure is further evaluated at two type water environments which are warm and cold for duration of six months. Outcome from the exposure shows positive result. In conclusion, the developed anti-fouling compounds have potential to prevent marine growth, specifically barnacle growth.

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Development of Autonomous Microbe Sensor (AMS) at Seawater Injection System (SWIS)

Product Number: 51319-13246-SG

Author: Fahad Al-Abeedi

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The main purpose of the system is to treat and transfer seawater to maintain reservoir pressure. The system’s design capacity is 12.5 million barrels of treated seawater per day. Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) reduced injectivity reservoir plugging production downtime and extensive repair costs. Therefore monitoring of system microbiology is essential in any mitigation strategy enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. To overcome the MIC challenges Saudi Aramco in collaboration with international company has developed an Autonomous Microbe Sensor (AMS) technology (Bacteria Sensor) to detect & measure in real-time & on-line the bacteria counts in sea water injection system. AMS that is based on advanced staining of bacterial DNA will provide bacterial results to operators within 1 hour. The technology will help in optimizing the biocide chemical consumption and ensuring adequate microbial control in the complex Sea Water Injection System (SWIS). Thus ensuring pipelines reliability and integrity.

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Development of Combined Corrosion and Scale Inhibitors

Product Number: 51319-12960-SG

Author: Pierre Mekarbane

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

There is a growing demand for combined Corrosion Inhibitors (CI) and mineral Scale Inhibitors (SI) for the oil and gas production industry. The products are convenient when there is only one injection point for both additives of when logistics is an issue. Developing these type of products can sometimes be fastidious due to the potential incompatibility of cationic film forming corrosion inhibitors (like fatty amines) and anionic scale inhibitors (such as phosphonates or polymers). Thanks to 10 years of continuous research and developement a full range of combined CI and SI products was developed with specific properties to match the various field requirements. Special combined CI and SI were tailor made for field applications to have specific properties like: Thermal stability low emulsion tendency low viscosity for down-hole injection increased CI film persistency increased barium sulphate inhibition and compatibility of the neat chemical with carbon steel. Laboratory experiments were conducted to demonstrate each of the mentioned properties. In addition the positive feedback from years of industrial field application brings credit to the product performance.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance