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Failure Of In-Service Stainless-Steel Chemical Storage Tanks Fasteners And Gaskets – A Case Study

Failure of In-Service Stainless-Steel Chemical Storage Tanks Fasteners and Gaskets – A Case Study
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The Joint Operation (J.O) Wafra Oilfield is in the west central part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The Wafra oilfield produces light and heavy oil and export it to its various customers after processing. Upstream field consists of various Sub Centres where crude, oil and water being separated, and the separated crude transported to the main gathering centre for further processing in two different trains. The produced water being disposed/injected via water disposal & injection facilities after treatment. 

Product Number: 51322-18105-SG
Author: A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Yousef Bahbahani, Manickavasagan Sabesan, Tariq Kamshad, Salem Al-Qahtani, Bakheet Al-Yami
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Pipelines, Tanks, and Underground Systems , Coatings
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This paper demonstrates a case study associated with the improper installation of non stainless steel materials in chemical tanks against design specification, which explicitly called for the use of stainless steel fasteners and gaskets. An operating facility required the substitution of current chemicals with new ones, and as part of the management of change (MOC) process, the cleaning and inspection of the tanks were required. Internal visual inspection (IVI) of the tanks revealed severe corrosion of the tank internal fasteners, including fasteners supporting structural elements of the tank central periphery. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing was conducted and concluded that chrome-manganese bolt nuts were used during construction stage which does not match with the design recommended material which is stainless steel ASTM Type 316 (S31600), ASTM A193 GR. B7 (a hardenable Cr-Mo steel) and ASTM A194 GR. 8M (S31600). The causal factors for the fasteners corrosion were determined to arise from galvanic corrosion from using dissimilar materials alongside very corrosive environment. Similarly, it was observed that all tanks manway suffered from localized and crevice corrosion due to the use of non-asbestos gasket instead of spiral wound metallic stainless steel Type 316 gasket as per design. Consequently, chemical incompatibility of the gasket led to flange surface crevice and localized corrosion.

This paper demonstrates a case study associated with the improper installation of non stainless steel materials in chemical tanks against design specification, which explicitly called for the use of stainless steel fasteners and gaskets. An operating facility required the substitution of current chemicals with new ones, and as part of the management of change (MOC) process, the cleaning and inspection of the tanks were required. Internal visual inspection (IVI) of the tanks revealed severe corrosion of the tank internal fasteners, including fasteners supporting structural elements of the tank central periphery. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing was conducted and concluded that chrome-manganese bolt nuts were used during construction stage which does not match with the design recommended material which is stainless steel ASTM Type 316 (S31600), ASTM A193 GR. B7 (a hardenable Cr-Mo steel) and ASTM A194 GR. 8M (S31600). The causal factors for the fasteners corrosion were determined to arise from galvanic corrosion from using dissimilar materials alongside very corrosive environment. Similarly, it was observed that all tanks manway suffered from localized and crevice corrosion due to the use of non-asbestos gasket instead of spiral wound metallic stainless steel Type 316 gasket as per design. Consequently, chemical incompatibility of the gasket led to flange surface crevice and localized corrosion.

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Failure of 24” Common Crude Piping and Formation of Iron Sulfides Due to the Influence of Sulfate & Iron Reducing Bacteria and Methanogens

Product Number: 51322-17545-SG
Author: Yousef Khuraibut
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

A leak suddenly occurred at the 24-inch common crude piping from the separators heading to the degassing boot inlets and the wet crude tanks in an oil gathering center. The initial observations showed the leak was due to a deep isolated pit and localized corrosion. Additional inspections by manual ultrasonic thickness (UT) and long range ultrasonic thickness (LRUT) measurements for the 24” common crude line showed similar deep isolated pits (up to 70% thickness reduction) scattered across the length of the 1100 meter piping.
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Failure On Heater Treater Tubes - Case Study

Product Number: 51322-17586-SG
Author: Roxanna Alvarez, Jose Vera, Carlos A. Palacios T
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Heater Treaters are designed for the removal of emulsifies and unwanted salts from crude oil. They purpose is to facilitate the oil and water separation by breaking emulsions by means of increasing the temperature of the oil, reducing its density and viscosity. A heater treater is a 3-phase separator vessel, equipped with fire tubes, that utilizes heat and mechanical separation devices to facilitate the separation of oil-water emulsions.
Picture for Failure Cases Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components
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Failure Cases Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components

Product Number: 51322-17689-SG
Author: Janardhan Rao Saithala, Amjad Kharusi, Mohammed Ghafri, Ossama Mohammed, Abdul Majeed, Manish Kulkarni, Talal Nabhani
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

The application of corrosion resistance alloys such as 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (25Cr SDSS) has expanded in the oil & gas industry recently as new technologies made it feasible for Oil and Gas operators to invest in high sour and corrosive fields. 25Cr SDSS material is often used in critical applications such as piping, rotating equipment, coolers, and instrument components etc. SDSS materials are well known for the 50/50 austenite (γ) and ferrite (α) microstructure which provides the combination of corrosion resistance and high-performance mechanical properties. 
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