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The literature has been reviewed with respect to information gained in the recent 20 years on CO2 corrosion of materials used in the oil and gas industry. The paper discusses the effect of materials related, medium-related and interface-related parameters on general (uniform) and localized corrosion. Part II
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This work reports on the success achieved with alloy 31 in critical parts of the phosphoric acid process. Laboratory results are presented together with field experience and examples of application.
This paper studies the effect of oxygen in methanol on the structures and growth kinetics of iron sulfide scales. Gravimetric weight analysis was used to evaluate the corrosion mechanisms and rates. Scanning Electron Microscope/ Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDX), Optical Microscope and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the scale.
Field experience was studied to identify the best solutions to Localized corrosion of 316 stainless steel instrument and chemical injection tubing in marine environment. Laboratory tests and exposure in marine environment of samples have been used to evaluate possible alternative materials and protective chemicals.
Galvele introduced a new framework for localized corrosion with his seminal paper on acidification and chloride accumulation in pits & the need for a critical product of current density & pit depth to sustain this chemistry. This paper is to review the progress in these areas with a particular focus on repassivation potential.
Fe-Cr-Ni alloys such as alloys 600 625 690 and 800 are used in steam generator tubing of nuclear power reactors. Precipitation of impurities on the steam generator tubing can lead to fouling and formation of deposits yielding a partially occluded metal surface. In this work the crevice corrosion susceptibility of these alloys is analyzed.
Resistance of S30400 and S31600 SSs to chloride-induced crevice corrosion was assessed in a wide range of temperatures and chloride concentrations. Repassivation potential of S30400 SS decreased with increasing chloride & temperatures from 0 to 60ºC, and it a constant value in the range from 60 to 90ºC regardless of chloride.
It is known that carbon steels in Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE) has pitting corrosion and active path corrosion-type stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility. In the current work, susceptibility of pitting and SCC of two types of X52 grade carbon steel were investigated by immersion testing and Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT).
A brief overview of ASTM G48 – "Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution" is used for corrosion testing in the metals industry.
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of atmospheric corrosion of zinc in areas of local NaCl contamination and to define the driving force of spreading of electrochemical reactions using Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP).
The corrosive effects of iron monosulfide deposited on carbon steel surfaces were investigated in autoclave experiments. The H2S and CO2 partial pressures were 1 to 20 bar. Temperatures were 10-120 °C. The test solutions consisted of high-salinity brine and low-salinity condensed water. Typical duration was 14 days. Weight loss and localized corrosion data were obtained.
Due to the composition of heat transmission media and temperatures, service conditions in solar facilities are, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. By electrochemical measurements and exposure tests, the suitability of two alloys - X8NiCrSi38-18() and NiCr25FeAlYB - in molten nitrate salt (60 % NaNO3/40 % KNO3) was characterized at 600 °C.