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The chemical and radioactive waste at the Hanford Site is currently stored in 131 single-shell tanks and 27 double-shell tanks (DSTs). The DSTs were built between 1968 and 1986, and each has a capacity of about 1 million gallons. Figure 1 is one typical design of the DSTs. Double shell means that each tank consists of a primary tank within a secondary tank. The primary and secondary tanks are also known as liners, and both are made from carbon steel.
The chemical and radioactive waste at the Hanford Site is currently stored in single-shell tanks and double-shell tanks constructed of carbon steel. The corrosion management of these tanks has largely focused on the complex waste chemistries. New waste chemistry limits for corrosion control of the double-shell tanks were developed based on statistically designed test matrices and data analysis driven by the failure of the primary liner of one tank, and they were implemented in 2019 to minimize the risk of both stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion. With the implementation of the new chemistry limits, the waste in four double-shell tanks was declared to be out-of-specification, and recovery action plans are currently in place. Corrosion testing was conducted in suspected or confirmed out-of-specification tank waste to assess the actual corrosion risk of these tanks. This paper summarizes work conducted in assessing corrosion susceptibility of waste collected from Tank 241-AN-106. Corrosion testing included: (i) linear polarization resistance to determine general corrosion rate, (ii) cyclic potentiodynamic polarization to determine pitting corrosion susceptibility, (iii) ASTM G192 testing to determine repassivation potential, (iv) long-term coupon exposure testing, (v) crevice corrosion testing, and (vi) corrosion potential monitoring. The results indicated that the tank wastes from 241-AN-106 were benign to the carbon steel liner with respect to general corrosion and pitting corrosion although one solid layer was out-of-specification because of low hydroxide concentration.
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Most cured epoxy resins provide excellent mechanical strength and toughness as well as outstanding chemical, moisture, and corrosion resistance. They also have good thermal, adhesive, and electrical properties, no volatiles emissions, low shrinkage upon cure and dimensional stability1. This unique combination of properties coupled with outstanding formulating versatility and reasonable costs, have gained epoxy resins wide acceptance as materials of choice for a multitude of protective coatings applications.
Scale is an adherent deposit of inorganic compounds precipitated from water onto surfaces. Most oilfield waters contain certain amounts of dissolved calcium, barium or strontium salts. The mineral scale can be formed by chemical reactions in the formation water itself, by mixing of formation water with injected seawater, or by mixing of the well streams of two incompatible oilfield waters. In carbonate reservoirs, when calcium is deposited as calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate scale, a loss of production and increased maintenance expenses can result. Therefore, effective mitigation of scaling potential is of importance to the oil producers.