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Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Chloride Salt

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This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.

Product Number: 51314-4007-SG
ISBN: 4007 2014 CP
Author: Kazuhiro Toba
Publication Date: 2014
Industry: Materials Selection and Design
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Corrosion behavior and the hygroscopic properties of solid ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt are investigated. This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.Corrosion and water-absorption tests were performed under various relative humidity (RH) conditions with solid NH4Cl salts using a temperature and humidity-control chamber. Eight types of materials commonly used in refineries were examined including carbon steel Type304 stainless steel super duplex stainless steel grade2 titanium Alloy400 C-276 aluminum brass and aluminized carbon steel. Carbon steel was corroded above 20% RH. Its highest corrosion rate was observed at 60% RH and 80?C. It was suggested that the corrosion of NH4Cl is the most severe around a critical RH above which water absorption becomes significant.Immersion tests were performed under boiling 20wt% and 40wt% NH4Cl solutions. Eighteen materials were examined including carbon steel; aluminized carbon steel; aluminum brass; Type405 410 304L 316L and 321 stainless steels; 300-series stainless steel with 6% Mo; two types of super duplex stainless steels; Alloy800 845 625 and C-276; Grade 2 and Grade 19 titanium; Alloy A (equivalent to a modified Type317L stainless steel). The corrosion rates of carbon steel were as high as 25.4mm/y and 60.4mm/y in 20wt% and 40wt% NH4Cl solutions respectively. On the other hands neither general corrosion nor pitting was observed in titanium alloys and alloys with Pitting Resistant Equivalent Number (PREN) of 40 and higher. The maximum pit depth had a close relationship with the PREN. The corrosion rate of carbon steel increased with increasing temperature especially rapidly in the higher temperature range. 

Keywords: ammonium chloride, salt, relative humidity, PREN, refinery, corrosion, hydroprocessingunit, carbon steel,

 

Corrosion behavior and the hygroscopic properties of solid ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt are investigated. This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.Corrosion and water-absorption tests were performed under various relative humidity (RH) conditions with solid NH4Cl salts using a temperature and humidity-control chamber. Eight types of materials commonly used in refineries were examined including carbon steel Type304 stainless steel super duplex stainless steel grade2 titanium Alloy400 C-276 aluminum brass and aluminized carbon steel. Carbon steel was corroded above 20% RH. Its highest corrosion rate was observed at 60% RH and 80?C. It was suggested that the corrosion of NH4Cl is the most severe around a critical RH above which water absorption becomes significant.Immersion tests were performed under boiling 20wt% and 40wt% NH4Cl solutions. Eighteen materials were examined including carbon steel; aluminized carbon steel; aluminum brass; Type405 410 304L 316L and 321 stainless steels; 300-series stainless steel with 6% Mo; two types of super duplex stainless steels; Alloy800 845 625 and C-276; Grade 2 and Grade 19 titanium; Alloy A (equivalent to a modified Type317L stainless steel). The corrosion rates of carbon steel were as high as 25.4mm/y and 60.4mm/y in 20wt% and 40wt% NH4Cl solutions respectively. On the other hands neither general corrosion nor pitting was observed in titanium alloys and alloys with Pitting Resistant Equivalent Number (PREN) of 40 and higher. The maximum pit depth had a close relationship with the PREN. The corrosion rate of carbon steel increased with increasing temperature especially rapidly in the higher temperature range. 

Keywords: ammonium chloride, salt, relative humidity, PREN, refinery, corrosion, hydroprocessingunit, carbon steel,

 

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Product Number: 51317--9574-SG
ISBN: 9574 2017 CP
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