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This paper presents a recent effort to further minimize the threat of corrosion by wet ammonium chloride salt. Includes advances in fundamental understanding salt behavior, predictive mdeling, integration of models with process and operations.
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The purpose of this paper will be to: (a) review published literature to characterize and classify speciation related to the types of impurities encountered in opportunity crudes; and (b) describe and categorize published case studies of corrosion in crude unit overhead operations.
This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.
A major fire in a Reactor Effluent Air Cooler (REAC) of the Hydrocracker Unit (HCU). Visual inspection was made on the failed portion. Metallurgical investigation, macrostructural and microstructural analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy was conducted on the failed air cooler.
Gas Oil Hydrotreating Unit uses a catalytic hydrotreating process employing a selective catalyst and a hydrogen-rich gas stream to decompose organic sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds contained in the feed. The products of these reactions are the contaminant free hydrocarbon, along with H2S and NH3. Other Treating reactions include halide removal and aromatic saturation. Reactor effluent is cooled in series of Combined Feed Exchangers followed by REAC for product separation. The reactor effluent system is prone for corrosion and fouling due to salting of NH4HS and NH4Cl. Most of the failure analysis studies and literature available in public domain regarding reactor effluent corrosion deals with the corrosion in the REAC and its outlet piping.
This twin train Condensate Splitting Unit (CSU) is basically an atmospheric distillation unit processing predominantly Middle Eastern condensate along with other non-system condensate. The products from this unit are Light/Heavy Naphtha, Kerosene, Light/Heavy Gas Oil and Atmospheric residue. There is no desalter in this unit and preheated feed is flashed in Pre-flash column to separate out light and medium naphtha.