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Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) induced damage is one of the main causes of degradation in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially in the high relative humidity environmental conditions. ASR involves complex dissolution-precipitation reactions in concrete that take place in the presence of alkali ions, silica, and moisture. Alkali ions diffuse into the porous aggregate through the concrete pore solution and startthe dissolution of silica by breaking silanol and siloxane bonds in the reactive aggregates.
Learn how to maximize getting the word out about you and your company. Branding without proper communication systems in place is ineffective and most often useless. Attendees learn about discovering, building, implementing, and evolving business systems to create demand for their service or product.
The acceptance of thick film coatings has grown significantly over the last few years. Different industries offer specific challenges. This presentation looks at the uses and contractor demand for thick film applications in the offshore oil industry.
While a coating is typically measured in mils, a lining typically refers to an application of 1/16 inch or thicker. Certain industrial applications are best served through the use of a thick lining with unique physical properties that provide superior resistance against abrasion, impact, chemicals, and corrosion.
Fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers poses a challenge for oil and gas operators. Here we describe recent efforts to develop and deploy thin, sol-gel-derived coatings to mitigate fouling and promote continuous operation of exchangers without compromising heat transfer efficiency.
Gas Oil Hydrotreating Unit uses a catalytic hydrotreating process employing a selective catalyst and a hydrogen-rich gas stream to decompose organic sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds contained in the feed. The products of these reactions are the contaminant free hydrocarbon, along with H2S and NH3. Other Treating reactions include halide removal and aromatic saturation. Reactor effluent is cooled in series of Combined Feed Exchangers followed by REAC for product separation. The reactor effluent system is prone for corrosion and fouling due to salting of NH4HS and NH4Cl. Most of the failure analysis studies and literature available in public domain regarding reactor effluent corrosion deals with the corrosion in the REAC and its outlet piping.
The effectiveness of hexanethiol, decanethiol and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid for CO2 corrosion inhibition of carbon steel exposed to top of the line conditions has been investigated. Weight loss measurements were used to measure the corrosion rate.
Thiourea and its derivatives have been studied for several decades for their corrosion inhibition characteristics with steels. However their interaction mechanisms with steel are not well understood. Such an understanding may be vital for design of novel thiourea derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for steels. We have carried out state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) computations and experiments (weightloss polarization and electrochemical impedance) to understand the effect of thioureas on corrosion of steel. The interactions of several thiourea derivatives viz. thiourea dibutyl thiourea acetyl thiourea diphenyl thiourea tetramethyl thiourea and ethylene thiourea have been investigated. DFT indicates strong interactions between Fe atoms of the surface and C S - atoms of the molecule while the N-atoms do not show any significant proclivity towards interactions with the Fe-surface. Among the hollow on-top and bridge sites on the Fe-surface S-atom was found to preferentially occupy the bridge site which facilitates formation of two strong Fe-S bonds which possibly explains the strong corrosion inhibition by thioureas on steels. Besides DFT computations provided insights for design of much more promising molecules for corrosion inhibition. Experimentally dibutyl thiourea was found to have an extraordinary inhibition effect for steel in 1N HCl in accordance with DFT computations.Keywords: Corrosion inhibitors thiourea derivatives DFT experiments
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is a well-known industrial problem that has been plaguing asset owners for decades. CUI presents one of the costliest corrosion factors for Oil and Gas, petrochemical and general processing industries and can result in unplanned shutdowns, maintenance, repairs or even explosions while in service. Due to the risk factors present, many methods to prevent CUI have been adopted, trying to find best practices to minimize the risk of potentially catastrophic events caused by CUI.
Desiccant dehumidification technology has transformed itself into a sophisticated and mainstream method that is used in many blasting and coating applications today. Utilizing temporary dehumidification and remote monitoring equipment for a blast and coating operation for the Onslow Beach Bridge allowed the project to be completed in 30 days – twice as fast as is typical for the type of project. This paper also will discuss how a contractor realized significant fuel savings due to the use of energy-efficient equipment.