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This paper describes corrosion rate prediction models for the main corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel in Exploration and Production service. The models succeed earlier work by De Waard, Milliams, and Lotz.
This paper describes corrosion rate prediction models for the main corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel in Exploration and Production service. The models succeed earlier work by De Waard, Milliams, and Lotz. The paper emphasizes that model accuracy is less of an issue than knowledge of the key corrosivity parameters and the quality of the corrosion control system. Models will be described for the following mechanisms: CO2 corrosion, CO2/H2S corrosion, HES corrosion, organic acid corrosion, oxygen corrosion, and microbiologically-induced corrosion. Application limits will be indicated. A good comparison with high-quality lab data is only possible for the CO2 corrosion mechanism. Computer programs will be described in which the corrosion prediction models are applied for front-end design and facility integrity management. Use of these programs during the lifetime of a facility provides a way of focusing on corrosion control issues and they are therefore essential tools for pro-active corrosion management.
Key words: corrosion rate, carbon steel, CO2,H2S, Corrosion prediction models
The NORSOK M-506 is an empirical model based on experiments undertaken in a single phase water flow loop. The data is from experiments with low content of iron ions in the water phase, and the model is thus regarded to give a fair representation of the maximum corrosion rate in a CO2 corrosion controlled system.
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Various aspects of the mechanism of C02 corrosion are reviewed, together with a discussion about the validity of a number of simplifications which can be used with models for predicting the corrosion rate. A "worst case" rate can often be predicted. To this end a number of parameters has been identified, the
influence of which has to be accounted for. The effects of protective corrosion product layers and of dissolved corrosion product on pH needs to be included in the prediction. More quantitative information about the effect of flowpattern and flowrate is needed. For wet gas pipelines, the prediction of the effect of injection of glycol as a measure against corrosion is of special interest. Predictive models consisting of a system of rules and equations can be conveniently developed in computer spreadsheets.