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Understanding the False Positive of Modified Martensitic Steels in Sweet & Sour Service Conditions using a Point Defect Model Perspective

Picture for Understanding the False Positive of Modified Martensitic Steels in Sweet & Sour Service Conditions using a Point Defect Model Perspective
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Modified 13Cr (UNS S41426) (M13Cr) are advantageous as components for wellbores in oil and gas upstream units due to their high strength capabilities and tremendous corrosion resistance in sweet environments with minimal H2S levels. However, previous studies speculate disparities between an overestimation in the application limits for the 110 ksi grade material. Previous experimental results associate this to microstructural differences from varying heat treatments. The proprietary procedures used to manufacture, emphasize a lack of quality control among suppliers.

Product Number: 51323-18901-SG
Author: Alan Martinez, Raymundo Case, Yuan Ding, Homero Castaneda, Jolly Bhadra, Noora Al-Thani, Aboubakr Abdullah, Ahmed Bahgat, Abdraman Moussa, Noora Al-Qahtani, Muhsen El Haddad
Publication Date: 2023
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Modified 13Cr martensitic stainless steels (UNS S41426) are a class of materials used for operations involving natural gas production in sweet and moderately sour service conditions. Discrepancies between experimental results and field services have posed problems in identifying the window of service with experiments often overestimating these results. This false-positive is likely attributed to changes in passive film composition and stability with respect to temperature and H2S activity. Electrochemical tests were performed using a 1L autoclave holding 35 bar of CO2 gas with and without H2S at temperatures varied from 25 °C to 150 °C in salt brine solutions with a pH of 3.5. The point defect model approach is used in conjunction with potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry to observe changes in cation vacancy diffusivity that contribute to strengthening and instability. These results indicate a critical point in temperature in the tests with only CO2, where resistance to pitting susceptibility is maximized due to a decrease in the cation vacancy diffusivity.

Modified 13Cr martensitic stainless steels (UNS S41426) are a class of materials used for operations involving natural gas production in sweet and moderately sour service conditions. Discrepancies between experimental results and field services have posed problems in identifying the window of service with experiments often overestimating these results. This false-positive is likely attributed to changes in passive film composition and stability with respect to temperature and H2S activity. Electrochemical tests were performed using a 1L autoclave holding 35 bar of CO2 gas with and without H2S at temperatures varied from 25 °C to 150 °C in salt brine solutions with a pH of 3.5. The point defect model approach is used in conjunction with potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry to observe changes in cation vacancy diffusivity that contribute to strengthening and instability. These results indicate a critical point in temperature in the tests with only CO2, where resistance to pitting susceptibility is maximized due to a decrease in the cation vacancy diffusivity.

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Optimizing Sour Gas Qualification Testing – Modeling the Effects of Temperature and Total Pressure on H2S Fugacity, Activity, and Solubility Coefficients

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