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A quantitative assessment of remnant cold deformation and effectiveness of post deformation treatment (PDT) on sour resistance and mechanical properties of a C110 grade by reproducing uniform deformation with tensile/compressive tests followed by heating/soaking/cooling cycles representing induction PDT
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In extremely sour reservoirs, H2S and CO2 concentrations have been observed to reach upwards of 45% and 20%, respectively. In addition, bottomhole conditions can experience extremely high pressure in excess of 10,000 psi.
In this paper, the influence of various side-groove root configurations on critical stress intensity factor for sulfide stress cracking (KISSC) and finite-element analysis (FEA) results were focused upon.
Due to the increasing interest of the O&G industry on high grade tubulars working at high pressures, the assessment of operational conditions of Oil country Tubular Goods (OCTG) subjected to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) is of particular importance.
AMPP adopts different test methods to evaluate material susceptibility to SSC in wet H2S environments, for which, Method D according to NACE TM0177 determines a quantitative value of material resistance using a Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimen that can be used for design and qualification purposes. This is a crack arrest type fracture mechanics test that can be traced back to the work of Heady in 1977 in which the material resistance to propagation of environmental cracks is expressed in terms of a critical stress intensity factor, KIssc.
When dealing with the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) of Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) as casings and tubings, two main approaches are: either the determination of the threshold stress on a smooth tensile specimen (NACE TM0177 Method A) or the fracture toughness KISSC on a Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimen (NACE TM0177 Method D).Relevance of KISSC for predicting the behavior of real pipes in service has been assessed in the frame of API PRAC project Phase II.1 Hollow tensile specimens sampled in the wall of sour service seamless pipes were exposed to sour environments either on Inner Diameter (ID), Outer Diameter (OD) or both and subjected to a tensile loading (see also references
Carbon steels and low alloy steels have been used extensively in the oil and gas industry for many decades. The success of their applications in the energy sector is a balanced result of the materials affordability and operation needs in the fields. Producing H2S containing fluids remains a challenge for well integrity as no compromise is acceptable.
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are preferred for oil and gas pipelines due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) has been a major problem for the application of HSLA carbon steel because of the wet H2S environment which commonly presents in oil and gas industry. Several techniques are applied to the study of SSC of steels, including constant load test with smooth specimens and DCB testing.