AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'pitting'

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On the Sea Water Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 825 CTP (UNS N08827), an Improved Version of Alloy 825 (UNS N08825)

Product Number: 51324-20983-SG

Author: Julia Botinha; Katharina Utens; Philipp Huebner; Daniela Zander; Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

UNS(1) N08827, commercially called Alloy 825 CTP(2), represents a significant advancement of UNS N08825 (Alloy 825)(2) by virtue of its tailored chemical composition, resulting in enhanced localized corrosion resistance. The key modification in UNS N08827 involves a notable augmentation in molybdenum content, which has been raised to approximately 6%, twice the amount found in the conventional UNS N08825, which contains 3% molybdenum. Consequently, this alloy surpasses a critical threshold for the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) by exceeding 40, a prerequisite for specific applications within the oil and gas sector. Prior investigations have already demonstrated the heightened resistance of UNS N08827 to pitting and crevice corrosion when exposed to ferric chloride solutions, as evidenced by ASTM(3) G48 C and D tests. Building upon this foundation, the subsequent objective was to assess the corrosion performance of this alloy in an artificial seawater environment. This research paper presents the outcomes obtained from subjecting Alloy 825 CTP UNS N08827 to ASTM G61 and ASTM G150 tests, focusing on its corrosion behavior.

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Optimizing Wallpaper Cladding Repair of WFGD Air Pollution Control Systems in the Power Industry

Product Number: 51317--9365-SG

ISBN: 9365 2017 CP

Author: Tracey Holmes

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

By selection of proper base metal/weld metal combinations and diligent use of established cladding procedures a very serviceable and reliable “wallpaper” metallic lining requiring only periodic cleaning, can be achieved at an economical price.

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Pitting Corrosion Damage Characterization of Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams

Product Number: 51324-21108-SG

Author: Wesley Vitor Dantas de Carvalho Bezerra; Christopher Lewis Alexander

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

At early stages, reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride ions are prone to pitting corrosion. In carbon steel reinforcement, pitting is expected to quickly transition into widespread corrosion damage. However, for stainless steels, a higher resistance to lateral corrosion spread is present. As the accumulation of corrosion products in the steel-concrete interface (SCI) can lead to concrete cover cracking, studying the corrosion damage on stainless steel reinforced concrete is of importance. This work focuses on characterizing pitting corrosion damage data on laboratory exposed (non-electrically polarized) stainless steel (SS410) reinforced concrete beams with different damage degrees to concrete cover. For that, digital microscopy, and 3D profilometry were used to characterize corrosion damage, and chloride titrations were used to determine the chloride concentrations at the SCI. Possible pit repassivation mechanisms that includes corrosion products are discussed. This data can then be incorporated in the development of more accurate pitting corrosion and corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking models.

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Refinement of Pitting Factor Basis to Evaluate Minimum Nitrite Requirement in Dilute Waste Chemistries

Product Number: 51324-20801-SG

Author: Joshua T. Boerstler; Keisha B. Martin; Bruce J. Wiersma; Andrea N. Bridges

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Considering that chloride concentrations are an order of magnitude lower at SRS than the maximum chloride previously tested to evaluate pitting susceptibility of carbon steel, it has been proposed that the Pitting Factor methodology be refined to determine if a reduction in the minimum nitrite requirement is warranted in more dilute solutions and those with chloride concentrations more indicative of waste tank chemistries at SRS. Through the use of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, the susceptibility of A537 carbon steel to pitting corrosion was evaluated. The Pitting Factor was shown to accurately predict pitting susceptibility throughout the chemistry envelope evaluated. In addition, it was shown that nitrite is not required for inhibition of pitting corrosion in tank conditions with chloride concentrations observed at SRS and up to 4 M nitrate. Based upon these findings, new control limits were proposed that removed the minimum nitrite requirement within the chemistry envelope evaluated up to 50 °C.

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Resistance of U-bend and Integral Finned Duplex Stainless Steel UNS-S32205 and UNS-S32750 to Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking

Product Number: 51322-18038-SG

Author: Karen Picker, Luiza Esteves, Yong-Joo Kim

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The use of Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) in refinery sour environments is governed by ANSI/NACE MR0103/ISO 17945NACE “Metallic materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive petroleum refining environments” which limits DSS base materials to be used in Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) services to a maximum hardness of 28 HRC for materials with a PREN ≤ 40 and to a maximum hardness of 32 HRC for those materials with PREN > 40.¹ These hardness values are in line with the hardness requirements of solution annealed as produced straight tubes, but when the heat exchanger design requires the use of integral finning or u-bend tubes, these are subject to significant work hardening that results in as bent and as finned heat exchanger tubes with hardness measurement as high as 418 HV0.5 or 35.6 HRC which clearly exceeds the allowable limits stated above.

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Role of H2S In Localized Corrosion and Cracking of CRAs in Upstream Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: 51317--9463-SG

ISBN: 9463 2017 CP

Author: Gareth Hinds

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Materials qualification testing of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) typically involves the use of simple pass/fail tests. Modification of existing standards is recommended for environments in which pit initiation is statistically improbable but pit propagation is rapid, e.g. low chloride/high H2S.

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Shale Gas Production Pipeline Failure - Case Study

Product Number: 51324-20698-SG

Author: Feras El Yaakobi; Sherman Kung; Connor Graham; Jeannine Schmid; Daryl Foley

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Shale gas production is unique and presents challenges in terms of corrosion mitigation and pipeline integrity management. Many of these challenges stem from variations in production modes from the early stages and as the system becomes mature, with many variables involved such as frac flowback, H2S, CO2, iron, microbial, velocities, topography, O2, hydrates, and paraffin. When combined with economic challenges the oil and gas industry faces, these factors force producers to strike a balance between technical decisions and operational/cost efficiencies, which adds complexity to an already difficult-to-manage system. This paper will review a pipeline failure case study from a critical sour shale gas gathering system in Canada. The case study will cover the history of the pipeline from commissioning until failure, challenges faced, root-cause analysis, solutions implemented, and results obtained. The case study will help increase awareness about best practices regarding pipeline pigging, corrosion inhibitor batch treatments, and analytical testing used when conducting failure root cause analysis. It also serves as a documentation for a corrosion failure in a pipeline with a staggering corrosion rate of over 2,800 mpy resulting in a pipeline failure in less than five weeks of operations.

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Strategies to Control and Minimize Corrosion and HIC Damage Found in Amine Absorber HIC Resistant Steels

Product Number: MECC23-20093-SG

Author: Gerrit M Buchheim, P.E.; Olavo C Dias

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As environmental sulfur limits become more stringent, there has been a recent surge in preferential and localized corrosion in amine units. This has occurred even with HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) resistant steels and in equipment where velocity limits are not exceeded.
Amine absorbers and associated rich amine piping particularly around the welds, downcomers and other turbulent locations are particularly vulnerable.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Grade 347 and Duplex Grade 2205 Stainless Steels in Refinery Simulated Media Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Chloride

Product Number: 51320-14406-SG

Author: K. Ravindranath, B. Al-Wakaa, R. Alazemi, N. Tanoli

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Stabilized austenitic stainless steel (SS) grade 347 is used extensively in high-temperature processes in the petroleum refining industry, while duplex SS (DSS) grade 2205 is a relatively newer material in the industry. Though these grades of SSs perform well in refinery process streams, there are incidents of failure of process equipment attributable to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The paper deals with a study on the cracking susceptibility of SS grade 347 and DSS grade 2205 in refinery simulated process environments containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The paper also reports the electrochemical behavior of these SSs in the medium containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys was assessed by cyclic polarization experiments. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the alloys to SCC. The cyclic polarization studies indicate that the H2S – chloride synergism had a pronounced effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility of 347 SS, while the effect was marginal on the alloy DSS 2205. The SCC susceptibility of 347 SS and DSS 2205 is strongly influenced by hydrogen sulfide-chloride synergism. Initiation of corrosion pits and the sulfidation of active pits due to the synergism were the important steps in the initiation of SCC.

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Surface Treatment to Improve Corrosion Resistance of Pure Titanium

Product Number: 51317--9358-SG

ISBN: 9358 2017 CP

Author: Marco Ormellese

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The corrosion behaviors of pure titanium UNS R50250 and UNS R50400 were investigated and compared with electrochemical behavior of Ti-0.2Pd and Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloys (UNS R52400 and UNS R53400 respectively).

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The Pitting Behavior of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels Under SO2 Environments with Cl- And F

Product Number: 51317--9241-SG

ISBN: 9241 2017 CP

Author: Zhu Wang

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Cyclic polarization measurements were used to illustrate the corrosion and passive behavior of the stainless steels under the tail gas conditions. Electrochemical behavior of stainless steels in SO2-saturated solutions with various concentrations of Cl- and F- was also studied.

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Understanding and Addressing the Challenges of Assessing the Corrosion Fatigue of Metallic Materials

Product Number: 51317--8918-SG

ISBN: 8918 2017 CP

Author: Christopher Engler

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

How the selection of testing parameters affects the corrosion fatigue reststance of structural materials typically used in drilling equipment. Results obtained using the developed test methodology are compared with traditional testing such as high-chloride acidified solution

Products tagged with 'pitting'

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