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Use of corrosion inhibitors (CI) to protect metallic equipment, especially carbon steel pipelines from corrosion has long been an established, effective, economic, and hence globally accepted technique. The oil and gas industry has been using CIs to protect the pipelines under various exposure conditions including sour and sweet services . Complete understanding of corrosion mechanisms under sour conditions and protecting pipeline steel under such conditions has always been a challenging task due to the complexity of such systems.
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This paper describes a novel methodology to measure the Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) of a Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) in artificial seawater based on the Electrochemical Noise (ECN) technique.
This study focuses on a better understanding of pitting and crevice corrosion on coating surface damaged carbon steels in automotive applications. Immersion and cyclic polarization tests were conducted on bare and coated metals in a 5% NaCl solution.
Corrosion failures in the oil and gas industry are dominated by localized failures in carbon steel; however, the industry has yet to develop standards for localized corrosion specifically for low alloy carbon steels (CS) such as UNS K03014 (API) 5LX65 [X65]) or UNS G10180 (C1018). The reasons for the lack of standardization are understandable as they are not trivial. The challenges are as follows: 1) CS pitting is more complex than pitting on stainless steels (SS) and can be impacted by corrosion byproducts and other forms of scales, and 2) surface finish of a test coupon or electrode has a significant impact on the three phases of pitting: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Throughout the oil and gas industry, carbon steel continues to be the material of choice for most downhole production tubulars and pipelines. Given the environment of typical oilfield operations, comprehensive integrity management programs are followed to guard against the threats of internal corrosion and material degradation of such assets. Although there are various corrosion mitigation options available, the application of corrosion inhibitor chemical products is commonplace given their relative ease of use and cost effectiveness.
Utility water and fire water which is desalinated is supplied by Ministry of Electricity & Water (MEW) and stored in utility/fire water tank (70-T-0002). The process areas and the tanks are protected by desalinated water as fire water backed up by sea water and the buildings are protected completely by desalinated water. Buildings to be protected by desalinated fire water are fire station, maintenance & operation building, warehouse, workshop, laboratory, and administration building. DF water system used in buildings are stagnant and for the fire water in tanks are used frequently.
In previous years, we have explored the use of electrochemical sensors for humidity and corrosion measurements inside of natural gas pipelines. Designed to operate in systems where a conductive aqueous phase is intermittent or unavailable, these membrane-based sensors utilize electrochemical techniques such as linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the environment’s corrosivity to the pipeline material. We now aim to explore this sensor’s performance and capabilities in more complex systems, specifically in environments that promote localized corrosion. Using the aforementioned electrochemical techniques, along with electrochemical noise and cyclic voltammetry, we probe and monitor localized corrosion and general corrosion of X65 steel in the presence of inorganic pitting agents. Experiments are conducted in both aqueous and nonaqueous environments. The additional functionality increases the quantity and quality of corrosion data from these sensors, offering to internal corrosion-monitoring programs a more complete picture of real-time corrosion within their natural gas pipelines.
Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) and issues of welding, fabrication, and assessment in oil and gas production. Environmentally assisted cracking. Technology gaps impacting the industry.
For many corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA´s), crevice corrosion under gaskets, paint or O-rings required to define the exposed area and avoid solution contact with electrical connections interferes with measurements of the critical pitting potential (EPIT). This undesired and uncontrolled crevice corrosion occurs at a lower potential than the one for the onset of pitting corrosion. Many approaches have been used to avoid this artifact.
Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of water by its different water desalination plants distributed around the kingdom. In SWCC above storage tanks (ASTs) have the capacity to store 140,000 m3 of produced water. Most tanks are commissioned more than 20 years and have worked properly with minor observations on their performance. Mostly SWCC tanks are made of carbon steel and internally protected with a two - components epoxy coating as a passive method and cathodic protection as an active method.