AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'soil'

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51316-7230-Development of Integrated Condition Monitoring System for Corrosion and Stray Current Monitoring On

Product Number: 51316-7230-SG

ISBN: 7230 2016 CP

Author: Gareth John

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This paper will describe a multi-channel corrosion and stray-current monitoring system and the design consideration/philosophy used when determining the measurement locations throughout the system and the challenges presented and overcome. Follows NACE Corrosion 2012 (paper C2012-01727).

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A Methodology, Database, And Maps For Seasonally-Adjusted Soil Resistivity

Product Number: 51322-18216-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden, Alfonso Rojas Garcia, Steve Peaslee, Joseph Mazzella, Paul Murray, Robert R. Dobos

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is one of the key parameters in the electromechanics of corrosion. Highly conductive electrolytes will permit more current and increase corrosion rates. Conversely, resistive electrolytes will enable less current to flow until the necessary conditions for corrosion are no longer satisfied or slowed.

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A Study Of The Depolarization Phenomena In Soils And Remanence Of Corrosion Protection After CP Interruption

Product Number: 51322-17649-SG

Author: Clémence Rogier, David Sellam, Tiphaine Lutzler, Laurent Henry, Ahmed Fakhry, Yves Zannier, Elisabeth Fleury, François Castillon

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas buried pipelines are protected against corrosion by both organic coatings, a passive protection system, and cathodic protection, an active protection system. When coating defects occur, CP controls the corrosion of the exposed steel surface. From an operating point of view, cathodic protection interruptions can occur on the network during interventions, consignments, or technical problems. Literature indicates that during CP interruption the corrosion rate of the metal remains lower than its free corrosion rate. Application of CP confers a remanence of protection to the metal. The objective of this study is to determine the safe duration for cathodic protection interruptions depending on environmental and cathodic protection conditions.

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CorrCompilation: Corrosion Failures for Pipelines

Product Number: 37640-E

ISBN: 978-1-57590-380-4

Author: Robert Pogue

Publication Date: 2018

$125.00

The goal of this compilation is to educate the reader through experiences and observations from real-world applications and to provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure. Pipelines have been used to transport fuels since the 19th century. While there is no clear consensus of the total number of pipeline miles in use throughout the world, most agree that the U.S. has over 2.5 million mi of energy pipelines. This book provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure.

2018 NACE e-book

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CP of Steel in Soil: Temporospatial pH and Oxygen Variation as a Function of Soil Porosity

Product Number: 51321-16313-SG

Author: Federico Martinelli/Ueli Angst

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Estimating Corrosion Rate Risk Distributions using Machine Learning and Geospatial Analytics

Product Number: 51320-14640-SG

Author: Joseph Mazzella, Thomas Hayden, Haralampos Tsaprailis, Len Krissa

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Estimating corrosion growth rates for underground pipelines is a challenging problem. There are confounding variables with complex interaction effects that may result in unexpected outcomes. For instance, the relationship between soil conditions and AC interference is highly non-linear and challenging to model. This work expands upon prior work using a suite of machine learning tools to estimate corrosion rates. However, instead of estimating a single corrosion growth rate for a single girth weld address (GWA), this work estimates a distribution of potential corrosion growth rates. Modeling distributions provide a more effective risk-measurement framework, especially concerning high volatility or areas of severe tail risk.

This work relies heavily on machine learning and geospatial tools - particularly artificial neural networks and gradient boosted trees to estimate the corrosion rates and non-linear processes. Building upon prior work using data from a North American Operator, the models in this paper use additional variables from recent research in AC interference and microbiologically influenced corrosion to construct a higher accuracy and distribution-based model of pipeline corrosion risk.

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Experimental Study and Finite Element Modelling of the Cathodic Protection Influence on Parallel Pipelines During Maintenance Operations

Product Number: 51324-20713-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Yves Zannier; Alexandre Billot; Flavien Vucko; Tiphaine Lutzler

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Dense buried pipelines network, such as in implemented in parallel, can be installed in different process and storage mills, such as geological gas and hydrocarbon storages. Their corrosion resistance is ensured by a combination of organic coating and cathodic protection (CP). For maintenance operation on a specific pipeline, the CP can be turned off for safety reasons. Thus, the operated pipeline can be affected by CP influence from other surrounding protected ones. This phenomenon is supported in the field by different pigging inspections, highlighting local corrosion induced by output stray current on coating defects. In the literature, many studies focused on CP influences by finite and/or boundary element modeling. However, usually the foreign structures considered (under influence) are limited to bare steel or fully coated pipeline. Moreover, most of these studies are not confronted with experimental works. To our knowledge, the actual influence between the different pipelines is not much documented in the literature and not quantified. In this study, an experiment consisting in 3.00 x 1.80 x 0.80 m sand tank, equipped with 4 full scale parallel pipelines, with 17 model defects were realized. The model defects reproduce uniformly degraded coating and local defects. The experimental work allows i) measuring the DC influence under different CP configurations, and ii) providing stray current data for finite element modelling (FEM). The FEM was performed in a two steps i) a CP distribution in terms of current demand and electric field on protected pipelines, and ii) application of this electric field to the foreign pipeline. The good agreement obtained allows a validation the proposed approach and globally assess the riskier scenario in terms of nature of the defect, applied CP and soil environment.

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Influence of the Soil Moisture Level and Differential Aeration Cell on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel and Zinc Coated Steel

Product Number: 51324-20694-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Philippe Verpoort; Souhail Amami; Ansbert De Cleene; Benoit Emo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Soil is a complex media involving solid particles, gas and liquid phases. Among the many soil parameters influencing the corrosion rate, beyond the pH and resistivity, disregards the microbial activity, the moisture level and the related oxygen diffusion is usually pointed out as a key parameter. Depending on the soil texture and related ability to retain water, as well as the ground water level, differential aeration corrosion cells (DACC) might appear. Such phenomenon locally affects the corrosion rate and distribution by galvanic action. This phenomenon is particularly relevant for large metallic pieces such as buried pipes, tubular piles, and sheet piles. In this study, an experimental setup composed of 30 coupons in carbon steel or zinc coated steel was exposed in two different soils to a vertical gradient of moisture level. The setup allows measuring the corrosion potential and galvanic current of each coupon, before and after their interconnection. The obtained results highlight i) the influence of the moisture level and oxygen diffusion on the corrosion potential for both carbon steel and zinc, and ii) quantify the differential aeration corrosion cells. The results are compared to coupons exposed for 1 year in the same environment, with and without DACC.

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Investigation of the mechanisms and kinetic of cathodic disbondment in seawater and soils

Product Number: 51323-19258-SG

Author: Erwan Diler, Krystel Pelissier, Abdelkader Meroufel, Nicolas Larche

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Cathodic protection is used in addition to organic coatings to ensure the integrity of offshore and onshore buried structures against corrosion. The cathodic protection efficiency is usually ensured by keeping the potential of the structure to be protected in a narrow range following standard recommendations such as ISO 15589-1 and/or NF EN 12954. For onshore buried structures, this potential range is limited by the protection potential Ep and the limit potential El.

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Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning in Integrated External Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51323-19393-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden, Joseph Mazzella, Keith Parker, Christophe Baete

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Managing external corrosion, especially for underground assets, is a significant challenge dating back to the first underground pipeline in 1865. The very first issue of the journal, CORROSION, featured a headline story on this subject. This subject is fundamental for corrosion engineers and pipeline operators.

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Study into the Cause of Failure of a Ductile Iron Water Pipe

Product Number: 51324-20696-SG

Author: Walter T. Young; Jeffrey Wells; Erin Nelson

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Campbell County Utilities and Services Authority in Lynchburg, VA installed a 12-inch ductile iron water pipe in 2008. It is the main water supply to the Concord area of Campbell County and Appomattox, VA. Since 2018, 16 leaks have occurred on the pipe within a two-mile length concentrated at two general locations. The pipe parallels fiber optic communications cables on both sides of the street but has no other potential interference sources. The pipe is cement mortar lined but is not externally coated, bonded or cathodically protected. A study was performed to determine the cause(s) of the leaks and the most appropriate remediation. The study consisted of soil resistivity and potential gradient measurements along the pipe run and excavation of the pipe in the most aggressive area and removal of a length of pipe for detailed inspection and chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical testing. This paper describes the study results in detail and the mitigation recommendations.

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The Role of the Soil-Plant-Atmospheric System in Underground Corrosion Rates

Product Number: 51321-16422-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden/Alfonso Garcia/Jerry Dewitt/Joseph Mazzella/Len Krissa

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Products tagged with 'soil'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance