AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'sulfide stress cracking (ssc)'

Available for download

08115 Development of a C125 High Strength Low Alloy Steel for OCTG: SSC Mapping in Slightly Sour Environment

Product Number: 51300-08115-SG

ISBN: 08115 2008 CP

Author: Hervé Marchebois / Michel Piette / Laurent Ladeuille / David Senegas-Rouviere /Christoph Bosch / Josef Pleschiutschnig / Jean Leyer / Bertine Orlans-Joliet / Etienne Lepine / Frédéric Legay / Cédric Linne / Alfredo Figueiredo

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

Today a need for a C125 Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistant material exists with the development of High Pressure/High Temperature (HP/HT) oil and gas fields. This paper focuses on the SS resistance of industrial heats.

Available for download

51317--9645-Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance of AISI 420 Modified (13Cr) Martensitic Stainless Steel Bar

Product Number: 51317--9645-SG

ISBN: 9645 2017 CP

Author: Karthik Krishnan

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper discusses a study wherein the SSC resistance of 13Cr bar stock quenched and tempered to 22 HRC maximum hardness was tested and evaluated beyond the maximum H2S limit of 10 kPa (1.5 psi) established in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 for use in sour service.

Available for download

A Recent Failure Case Studies on Duplex Stainless Steels in Refinery

Product Number: 51324-20707-SG

Author: D.S Lee; Y. Ro; S.Y Pae

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is widely used in the refinery because of its economical combination of strength, corrosion resistance and cost. Various forms of damage may occur to the DSS depending on the concentration of chloride, H2S, water, and temperature. This report presents the analysis results of failure cases occurring in various environments of the SK energy refinery. Operation condition and corrosion environment of each exchanger are described. Analysis results of the cause of damage, inspection method and the results are also explained. This report introduces some failure analysis cases occurred in various environments of the refinery, for example, chloride induced SCC (Cl-SCC) in CDU and SRP process, SSC (Sulfide Stress Crack) in the weldment of air cooler header box, and pitting corrosion in high temperature chloride environments. This study will clearly show the importance of a tube production quality of DSS and the limitation of DSS tube in terms of the surrounding environments such as temperature, Cl and/or H2S contents, and salt formation. Furthermore, the potential problem of a repair welding during manufacturing DSS header box will be presented. We think that the present case studies will help DSS end-users and manufactures improving the understanding of a safe application for DSS.

Available for download

AISI 420/410 Modified Martensitic Stainless Steel bar Stock Materials Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance in Mildly Sour Environments

Product Number: 51323-18759-SG

Author: Roberto Morana, Lee Smith, Perry Nice, Lucrezia Scoppio, Marc Müller, Karola Klenke, Roberta Prencipe, Luciana Intiso

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) is widely used for downhole production tubing and liners in the Oil & Gas industry. Optimization of the tubular material chemistry, cleanliness and manufacturing route has delivered useful performance in H2S-containing environments (specifically SSC and stress corrosion cracking [SCC])3 resistance4,5,6. Some tubular accessories and most completion equipment require sizes not readily delivered by tubular product form. In these instances, bar stock material is a pragmatic choice.

Available for download

Development of High Strength Material with 140KSI SMYS for Sour Service

Product Number: 51324-20720-SG

Author: Hiroki Kamitani; Keiichi Kondo; Yuji Arai; Hisashi Amaya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Development of oil and gas wells becomes more challenging due to high pressure, high temperature HPHT and sour service environment. At the current status, industries have commercialized sour service materials with up to 125ksi SMYS for mildly sour service. To realize 140ksi SMYS materials with SSC resistance at ambient temperatures, it should be needed to balance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In order to achieve 140ksi SMYS strength and corrosion resistance in a mildly sour environment (0.01bar H2S, pH=3.5), authors modify and adjust the amount of elements improving SSC resistance, such as chromium and molybdenum. SSC tests per NACE TM0177 Method A proved superior corrosion resistance under 90% actual YS. Furthermore, limitation in partial pressure of H2S and pH was also examined and this material is acceptable for the part of SSC region 2 in accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 at ambient temperatures.

Available for download

Domain Diagrams for the Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of High Strength Low Alloy steel 41xx Bar Stocks

Product Number: 51320-14590-SG

Author: Vipul Shinde, Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

High-strength low-alloy steel bar stocks with 110ksi (758MPa) and 125ksi (862MPa) specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) are in demand for temporary and permanent downhole tools for sour service. NACE MR0175/ISO15156 currently allows the use of low-alloy steel bar stocks without any environmental restrictions up to 22HRC, which, by most specifications, corresponds to 80ksi (552MPa) SMYS. At higher SMYS, and with exclusions of API and proprietary sour tubular grades, NACE MR0175/ISO15156 does not address solid bar stocks, a gap and opportunity addressed by this investigation. Specifically, in this paper, the sulfide-stress cracking (SSC) of commercial UNS G41xxx (41xx) alloys, including 41xxMod (i.e., carefully selected or mill modified) is investigated following a series of NACE TM0177 Method A tests in either Solution B or A (NACE Region 3). Domain diagrams for 41xx alloys are disclosed, all demonstrating that 41xx solid bar stocks are SSC resistant above 150°F (66°C) when under a new and improved specification. When SMYS is raised to 125ksi (862MPa) with 34HRC max, a safe minimum temperature of 175°F (79.5°C) is confirmed for hollow bars, well in line with current NACE MR0175/ISO15156. The metallurgical and hardness requirements of 41xx alloys are also briefly discussed, along with opportunities for further modifications of 41xx bar stocks.

Available for download

Evaluation of Alloy 825 Performance in a Critical Sour Environment with Elemental Sulphur Deposition

Product Number: 51324-20853-SG

Author: Ruqaia Al Rusheidi; Mohamed Ossama; Arwa Al Wahaibi; Talal Al Nabhani; Zaher Al Hajri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The deposition of elemental sulfur is a major concern in the gas and oil industries. The effect of sulfur deposition on nickel-based alloy 825 under severe conditions is not well understood. This work investigates the impact of elemental sulfur deposition on Alloy 825 under two conditions using four-point bend test in accordance with NACE TM0316.The results show that alloy 825 samples were not affected by way of SSC, SCC, pitting or other corrosion damage mechanisms in temperature of 90° C, pressure of 75 bar, Chloride level of 1000 ppm, a partial pressure of H2S of 12 bara, and a partial pressure of CO2 of 55 bara with present of elemental sulfur. A further autoclave exposure test was performed in which alloy 825 samples were exposed in 20 bara H2S partial pressure and 57 bara CO2 partial pressure in 21,853 ppm chloride and =150gL-1 elemental sulfur at 190°C for 720 hours. Under this condition, alloy 825 shows environmentally assisted corrosion as well as SCC on all samples. As a conclusion, alloy 825 is not a robust material against elemental sulfur related degradation at high temperature and pressure with high H2S and CO2 environment. Hence, safety risk from elemental sulfur deposition at high temperature should be carefully considered and evaluated when using alloy 825. The limit tested in this paper could provide a reference for selecting alloy 825 in presence of sulfur.

Available for download

Fast screening of Sulfide Stress Corrosion resistance of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel thought alternative test methods

Product Number: 51320-14577-SG

Author: Martien Duvall, Cécile Millet, Daniela Garcia, Guilaume Neel, Harold Evin

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In order to meet growing energy demand, oil and gas industries are facing many challenges, including the exploitation of increasingly deep fields with high pressure and high temperature in sour environments containing CO2 and H2S. Operators must carefully select materials that are resistant to these aggressive environments. The main risk associated with the use of martensitic stainless steels is the risk of sulfide stress cracking under well shut-in conditions.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of supermartensitic stainless steels (13Cr-5Ni- 2Mo) based on NACE TM-0177-2016 method A and alternative methods such as slow strain rate test according to TM-0198-2016 and ripple strain rate test. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements were also performed to evaluate pitting and repassivation performance. The interest of this study is to present reliable and fast criteria to predict sulfide stress cracking performance of supermartensitic stainless steels through alternative methods. The effect of buffer and chloride content on pitting resistance and sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance will also be discussed as well as the effect of Mo and Cr on pitting resistance.

Available for download

Local Hard Zones On TMCP Large Diameter Line Pipes: What Do We Know?

Product Number: 51322-17565-SG

Author: Hervé Marchebois, Bruce Cowe, Thierry Cassagne

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The current paper deals with a thorough analysis of these newly recognized LHZ with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) investigations through the wall thickness of pipes. Internal diameter (ID) surface, intermediate zone and bulk metal microstructures showed an increase of a strong misorientation while approaching the ID. Thus, LHZ is characterized by the presence of lath and especially lower bainite type microstructures associated to high local hardness above the NACE MR 0175 / ISO 15156 limits for sour service applications.

Available for download

NACE TM0316-2023, Four-Point Bend Testing of Materials for Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: NACE TM0316-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

Four-point bend testing is used extensively in the oil and gas industry to evaluate resistance of metals to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking. The face of the specimen to be tested is stressed in tension and the reverse face in compression. The test is carried out for a specified exposure period with the specimen held under constant displacement using compact loading jigs. The compact nature of the jigs enables testing of several specimens in the test vessel simultaneously. Despite the apparent simplicity of the test, there are many factors that can influence the test results. The purpose of this standard is to establish a reliable methodology for conducting the tests to enhance repeatability and reproducibility of test data. The results of the tests can then be used with greater confidence to rank the performance of metals, the relative aggressiveness of environments, and to provide a basis for qualifying metals for service application. As such, the standard will be of particular benefit to materials and corrosion engineers in the oil and gas sector and to test laboratories providing critical data.

Available for download

Rethinking Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS-13Cr) Bar Stock With 95 Ksi MY

Product Number: 51322-17614-SG

Author: Karthik Krishnan, Chad Glaesman

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

13Cr-5Ni-2Mo type Super Martensitic stainless steels referred to as SMSS-13Cr type grades can provide good general corrosion resistance such as in high CO₂ environments combined with higher strengths and excellent toughness² making them a prospective material choice for long term downhole completion equipment depending on actual well conditions. One of the main limiting factors for the use of SMSS-13Cr type grades is the Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance in presence of H₂S in downhole well conditions. Therefore, a good understanding of this behavior is essential to facilitate the material selection process.

Available for download

Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions

Product Number: 51320-14446-SG

Author: Xin Yue, Weiji Huang, Andrew J. Wasson, Jamey A. Fenske, Timothy D. Anderson, Brian D. Newbury, Doug P. Fairchild

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Steel pipelines are sometimes subjected to demanding sour environments resulting from the presence of high H2S contents. Pipeline materials, therefore, must be resilient against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) which is caused by H2S. Beginning in the 1980s, thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels have been widely used for the manufacturing of large-diameter sour service pipelines. The failure of the Kashagan pipelines in 2013 raised concern regarding the use of TMCP steels in sour environments. These concerns arise from the potential for local hard zones (LHZs) to be produced on the surface of the line pipe during TMCP processes, ultimately leading to through-wall SSC failures. In the present study, several X60 - X65 TMCP steels (both with and without LHZs) have been tested under different Region 3 (R3) conditions in the NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S partial pressure diagram. It can be concluded that the presence of LHZs increases TMCP steels’ sour cracking susceptibility; however, TMCP steels without LHZs pass the SSC tests at even the most severe R3 environments. Traditional HRC or HV10 testing are not able to detect LHZs, and so lower load HV 0.5 or HV 0.1 tests are necessary. For TMCP steels, the current R3 may be further divided into R3-a and R3-b sub-regions. The sour cracking severity of R3-a is less than that of R3-b. Additional actions, like enhanced mill qualification of the TMCP plate, should be considered to ensure that no LHZs exist in steels to be utilized in R3-b environments.

Products tagged with 'sulfide stress cracking (ssc)'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance