AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'carbon steel'

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High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) Modeling Prediction and Non-Intrusive Inspection Review

Product Number: 51317--8924-SG

ISBN: 8924 2017 CP

Author: M. Nugent / T. Silfies / J. D. Dobis / Tim Armitt

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

There is an ongoing Joint Industry Program on the development of high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) remaining life assessment and evaluation of non-destructive examination technologies. HTHA model development and assessment examples will be discussed.

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Impact of Internal CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel Pipelines on Solid Hydrate Particles

Product Number: 51321-16391-SG

Author: Zachary Aman/Bruce Norris/Mariano Iannuzzi/Eric May

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Study Of Microstructure Dependent Inhibitor Adsorption Mechanism On Carbon Steel

Product Number: 51322-17739-SG

Author: H. Wang, B. Brown, S. Nesic, A. Pailleret

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) are used for many pipeline and wellhead components associated with oil and gas production environments but may be considered too costly for longer crude oil and natural gas production lines. Mitigation of internal corrosion for these types of pipelines is normally carried out by batch treatment or continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors, especially the surfactant type of organic inhibitors, which are more economical than using a CRA.

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In situ Electrochemical Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines Exposed to Slightly Sour Seawater Service

Product Number: 51317--9416-SG

ISBN: 9416 2017 CP

Author: Ray Case

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The study of pitting susceptibility of carbon steel exposed to slightly sour service environment is conducted by using direct current and electrochemical impedance (IES). The test matrix is designed considering the oxidizing potential of the seawater as the independent variable.

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Influence of Experimental Injection Method on the Inhibition Efficiency of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the Line Corrosion Mitigation

Product Number: 51323-19452-SG

Author: Maryam Eslami, Marc Singer

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In oil and gas industry, during the transportation of wet gas with a stratified flow regime, the temperature difference between the fluid inside the pipelines and the surrounding environment leads to condensation of water on the upper internal surface and causes metal degradation. This phenomenon is known as Top-of-the-Line Corrosion or TLC.

The condensing phases can consist of not only water but also condensable hydrocarbons.

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Influence of Impurity Adsorption and Condensation on the Initial Corrosion Mechanism of CO2 Transport Pipeline Steel

Product Number: 51323-19066-SG

Author: Minghe Xu, Yoon-Seok Choi, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

CO2 captured from different sources for carbon capture and storage (CCS) will contain impurities. Although it is technologically possible to treat CO2 to near 100% purity in the gas conditioning process, it is preferable to have fewer rigid specifications to reduce both operational and capital costs. From a corrosion point of view, SOx, NOx, H2S, and O2 are considered to be the most aggressive impurities.

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Influence of Oxygen Diffusion Coefficients and Soil Moisture Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel

Product Number: MECC23-20174-SG

Author: Layan AlSharif; Mohammed Alshahrani; Abdulrahman Alqahtani; Hussam Attar; Othman Alolayan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Buried steel pipelines operating in soil environments are constantly under threat from corrosion, a phenomenon which jeopardizes their structural integrity and escalates the risk of material degradation, leakage, and subsequent environmental hazards. A holistic understanding of the corrosion process in soil environments is essential for strengthening infrastructural resilience and upholding environmental sustainability.

Corrosion of metals in soils is dictated by a complex confluence of several factors, including aeration, pH, moisture content, ionic composition, electrical resistivity, and microbial activity1.

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Influence of the Soil Moisture Level and Differential Aeration Cell on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel and Zinc Coated Steel

Product Number: 51324-20694-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Philippe Verpoort; Souhail Amami; Ansbert De Cleene; Benoit Emo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Soil is a complex media involving solid particles, gas and liquid phases. Among the many soil parameters influencing the corrosion rate, beyond the pH and resistivity, disregards the microbial activity, the moisture level and the related oxygen diffusion is usually pointed out as a key parameter. Depending on the soil texture and related ability to retain water, as well as the ground water level, differential aeration corrosion cells (DACC) might appear. Such phenomenon locally affects the corrosion rate and distribution by galvanic action. This phenomenon is particularly relevant for large metallic pieces such as buried pipes, tubular piles, and sheet piles. In this study, an experimental setup composed of 30 coupons in carbon steel or zinc coated steel was exposed in two different soils to a vertical gradient of moisture level. The setup allows measuring the corrosion potential and galvanic current of each coupon, before and after their interconnection. The obtained results highlight i) the influence of the moisture level and oxygen diffusion on the corrosion potential for both carbon steel and zinc, and ii) quantify the differential aeration corrosion cells. The results are compared to coupons exposed for 1 year in the same environment, with and without DACC.

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In-situ Study of Iron Carbonate Formation Kinetics and Pseudo-passivation of Carbon Steel in Aqueous CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51324-20667-SG

Author: Joshua Owen; Richard C. Woollam; Francois Ropital; Annette Kleppe; Sabrina Marcelin

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study introduces the design and implementation of a bespoke electrochemical flow cell in combination with in-situ Synchrotron Radiation-X-Ray Diffraction measurements (SR-XRD). The system enables high precision, real-time, in-situ measurements of iron carbonate (FeCO3) evolution on carbon steel in a flowing environment, as well as providing real-time, in-situ corrosion rate measurement through an integrated three-electrode cell. The custom cell is used to examine FeCO3 formation kinetics in a carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing aqueous environment, particularly in instances where the ‘pseudo-passivation’ phenomenon is reported to occur. Linear polarization resistance and anodic polarization measurements were performed in combination with the SR-XRD measurements to establish a detailed understanding of FeCO3 formation in real time and its relation to the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. It was observed that ‘pseudo-passivation’ occurred in conjunction with the growth of a highly protective FeCO3 layer under all conditions evaluated. Magnetite (Fe3O4), an oxide layer often attributed to the onset of ‘pseudo-passivation’, was not observed in these conditions, despite the high limits of detection of the technique.

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In-Situ Synthesis Of Corrosion Product-Polymer Composites On Carbon Steel For Enhanced Erosion-Corrosion Protection In CO2 Corrosion Environments

Product Number: 51322-17717-SG

Author: Dilshad Shaikhah, Bruce Cowe, Wassim Taleb, Anne Neville, Maalek Mohamed-Said, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Hydrocarbons still remain as a fundamental contributor towards meeting the worldwide demand for energy, despite the growth of other alternative sources such as renewable and nuclear options. Due to low cost and availability, carbon steel, remains as the most commonly used material for pipelines in down and upstream activities within the oil and gas industry. However, carbon steel is not an exceptional metal alloy from the perspective of internal corrosion resistance. The economical cost for its degradation and related failures represent 10% to 30% of the maintenance budget in petroleum industry. It is therefore crucial that the corrosion of such a susceptible steel is managed and controlled accordingly.

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Investigating The Effect Of H2S And Corrosion Inhibitor On The Corrosion Of Mild Steel Under High Pressure CO2 Conditions

Product Number: 51322-17943-SG

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi, Fernando Farelas, Luciano Paolinelli, Ahmad Zaki B Abas, Azmi Mohammed Nor, Muhammad Firdaus Suhor

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the corrosion behavior of carbon steels in supercritical CO₂ conditions. Unlike the case of carbon capture and storage (CCS) where small amounts of water are present, the exploitation of fields with high pressures of CO₂ needs to consider the presence of formation water, which presents strong corrosivity. It has been reported that the aqueous corrosion rate of carbon steel at high CO₂ pressures (liquid and supercritical CO₂) without protective FeCO₃ corrosion product layers is very high (>20 mm/y) due to the high concentrations of corrosive species such as H⁺ and H₂CO_³.^1-5 Steels with low Cr contents (i.e., 1% Cr and 3% Cr) have shown no beneficial effect in terms of reducing the corrosion rate to admissible values.6 Therefore, controlling corrosion in these cases usually involves the use of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) or corrosion inhibitors (CI). Adequate protection of carbon steel was achieved by applying CI in high pressure CO₂ environments.⁶

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Laboratory Studies Related To External Corrosion Of Hanford’S Double-Shell Tanks In Contact With Concrete Liner

Product Number: 51321-16576-SG

Author: K.J. Evans/ S. Chawla/ K.M. Sherer/ B.C. Rollins/ J.A. Beavers/ N. Sridhar/ T.J. Venetz/ N.M. Young/ C.L. Girardot

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Products tagged with 'carbon steel'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance