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The issue of induced AC current corrosion and its mitigation for buried pipelines continues. A review of the design methods and mitigation technologies used in the past, and those recently developed and continue to evolve, to meet the AC mitigation challenges faced by buried pipeline operators.
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A technique capable of producing effective (up to 98% efficient) corrosion inhibitors via chemical modification of vegetable oils. The advantage of this technique is the one pot approach which drastically cuts costs. The inhibitors were tested in their ability to reduce corrosion in stirred, aerated seawater, a highly corrosive environment.
There is uncertainty about the best way to determine the corrosion risk for gas-condensate pipelines, and use of chemical inhibitors as mitigation strategy. We present considerations when devising corrosion mitigation and inhibition strategies, as well as a recommended test for inhibitor qualification.
The specimen surface, effect of filling rate were examined. Characterization of the primary fracture surface and the gauge section of the tested specimens was done by scanning electron microscopy and subsequent classification according to the NACE TM0198 standard.
To evaluate the stress corrosion cracking initiation response of highly cold-worked UNS N06690, constant load tensile and blunt-notch compact tension testing were performed in 360°C simulated pressurized water reactor primary water.
In extremely sour reservoirs, H2S and CO2 concentrations have been observed to reach upwards of 45% and 20%, respectively. In addition, bottomhole conditions can experience extremely high pressure in excess of 10,000 psi.
It has been shown that when calcium and phosphate, used with an oxidizing agent that the two inhibiting mechanisms, calcium phosphate and azole, compete for the surface. By identifying the surface chemistry, new inhibitors were developed to target surface chemistry of yellow metals.
This paper discusses the implementation of an on-line remote ultrasonic (UT) system at a SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) facility located within the Athabasca oil sands reserves in Northern Alberta.
This paper describes a method of exploiting the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the corrosion inhibitors to show that the use of CMC can be used as a laboratory screening method for corrosion inhibitor selection.
An alternative method for directly measuring effectiveness of AC-induced corrosion control and mitigation efforts. This method takes the form of traditional coupons imbedded with ultrasound testing (UT) transducers designed to directly measure and track coupon metal loss and related corrosion-induced anomalies.
Pipeline Enhanced Corrosion Management Analysis (ECMA) was conducted over transmission pipelines that experienced considerable external metal loss after a short time in operation. Pipeline historical and current data, pipe design, construction, soil, corrosion control, monitoring, inspection and operational were reviewed.
A quantitative technique was developed to assess the extent of corrosion damage in two sets of coated lap coupons: one exposed at several outdoor test sites and one that underwent both neutral and acidified salt fog testing. Techniques includeded imaging and analyzing the corroded surfaces with 3D optical profilometry.