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Today, multi-purpose, built-for-purpose, all-in-one, pipeline integrity automation, wireless, data communication radios are available that monitor and report all cathodic protection rectifier operations, automate rectifier interruption, monitor rectifier operational status, monitor and report pipe-to-soil potential, pipeline pressure and pipeline pigging operations.
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Experience has shown that stainless steels can suffer from Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) under cathodic protection in seawater. This paper presents results from a test program examining the HISC susceptibility of 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) at temperatures up to 1500C.
The geomagnetic field fluctuations are accompanied by the geo-electric (telluric) field and telluric currents at the surface of the Earth and in the pipelines. These telluric activity indices were calculated for two areas in low latitude (Ottawa) and Alaska. Levels of telluric activity and rate of occurrences were calculated.
This work presents a numerical model of the coupled interactions between temperature profile, electrolytic potential drop, and steady-state oxygen concentration gradient in soils surrounding buried pipelines.
Cathodic protection of hot tank bottom tanks requires specific design parameters. This paper presents the design, installation details and commissioning results for two hot sulphur tank cathodic protection using impressed current titanium / Mixed Metal Oxide ribbon anode grid system.
This paper will show improvements in interpretation of direct current voltage gradient % IR and how accurate selection of pipeline coating rehabilitation location based on this concept would lead to improvements in cathodic protection performance. Case studies from previous external corrosion direct assessment digs will be presented.
This paper will describe a multi-channel corrosion and stray-current monitoring system and the design consideration/philosophy used when determining the measurement locations throughout the system and the challenges presented and overcome. Follows NACE Corrosion 2012 (paper C2012-01727).
Discussion on Transmission and Distribution (T&D) structures and system-wide cathodic protection as a mitigation technique. In general soil, corrosivity, lack of cathodic protection/coating, stray current AC interference and copper grounding should be considered in design of T&D structures.
This paper presents examples of anode array arrangements and corresponding attenuation characteristic calculations to enable optimization of current distribution. It also presents examples of return current imbalances and how they may be corrected.
There is big initial and small mean current density for offshore platforms. Sometimes the former is twice of the latter. DNV-RP-B401 suggests minimizing anode size and density. NACE-RP-0176 recommends utilizing more anodes. This paper introduces a new method by wing section sacrificial anode with large surface area in the initial period.
Overview of coatings for a cyclic-temperature environment. Test method, including a heat cycle between 21 to 300 deg-C simulating the dehydrator operation and exposure to salt spray. The performances of the three coatings were evaluated using this method. Factors to be considered for coating selection in the cyclic-temperature environment are discussed.c
Common scenarios for underground corrosion at foundations of telecommunication towers are explained, and practical methods for corrosion risk assessment and corrosion risk mitigation are briefly reviewed.