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Laboratory testing to qualify several materials for high strength fastener applications for two projects has shown that, in the presence of cathodic protection, nickel alloys 718 and 725 offer the best resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and are available in the strength/size required for high pressure and moderate temperature applications for sub-sea applications.
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A close-interval potential (CIP) data survey on ~154 km of Crude Oil/Gas pipeline networks. This aim was to generate corrosion data to determine weak sections of the pipelines/flowlines and, to ascertain the effectiveness of the CP system and integrity of the Crude Oil/Gas pipeline networks. The pipeline networks were found safe for continued operation under its present condition.
In seawater, higher strength nickel-copper alloys are used as alternatives to copper alloys. These can be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in conditions where cathodic protection is utilized. Copper-Nickel-Tin alloys (CuNiSn) show low corrosion rates in the free and coupled conditions. Resistance to hydrogen embrittlement is demonstrated.
Numerous studies and papers have addressed the need and technical merits of various external corrosion protection scenarios for ductile iron pipe. Most recently, a Design Decision Model was developed to select the optimum method of corrosion protection, considering both the likelihood and consequence of failure.
Impressed current cathodic protection (CP) systems for water storage tanks must be periodically tested in order to ensure proper performance. Remote monitoring units (RMU) provide the ability to monitor CP system performance data from remote locations using modem-equipped personal computers.
The effect of seasonal changes on the protection of pipelines in high-resistivity soil. The nature and magnitude of the seasonal fluctuations. Corrosion rates are low even when compliance with a given CP criterion cannot be demonstrated.
This paper reviews the concerns of applying excessive levels of cathodic protection current to pipelines and the need for establishing an upper potential limit. Coating disbondment, hydrogen induced stress cracks, stress corrosion cracking, hard spots and the problems associated with measurement of a true polarized pipe-to-electrolyte potential are addressed.
It has been important for the oil industry to establish reliable test method(s) for qualification and safe utilization of subsea pipelines and components made from stainless steels. This paper describes a method that has been developed through a JIP executed with support from leading oil companies and meterial suppliers.p
This paper will discuss the differences in "shielding" and "nonshielding" coating systems for pipelines and how CP works with these coatings.
How calcareous deposits formation in seawater influences the performance of a galvanic cathodic protection (CP) system in seawater. Coupling current measured. A resistance set between the cathode and the anode simulated circuit resistance of CP. Steel cathode potential over immersion time. Calcareous deposits analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction.
Remote monitoring reduces the cost of monitoring cathodic protection and improves the reliability of cathodic protection systems. Automated processes by the end user can populate data into existing databases customized for cathodic protection record-keeping, and can be integrated with other software.
Case study for anode grid systems. used for Cathodic Protection of above ground storage tank bottom plates. Technical solutions for arranging the anode grid on large (90 m diameter) tanks are studied and compared in respect to the CP major objective.