AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'cathodic protection'

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From galvanic anodes to ICCP system for offshore jackets revamping

Product Number: 51323-19177-SG

Author: Eric Agel, Mamady Obame-Diakite, Thiago Mesquita, Christian Yogoulou-Joly

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Sacrificial or Galvanic Anodes Cathodic Protection System is an excellent anticorrosion solution which offers to immerse structures a long-term protection. In TotalEnergies and in the Oil & Gas Industry in general, such system provides confidence, efficiency together with little maintenance over years which is a very good point for the subsea integrity of jackets (or pipelines) when knowing all other operational constraints or corrosion issues that can be met at the surface level.

Thus, from TotalEnergies experience, it has been established that as long as:1/ the CP system is correctly designed (taking into account the applied - or not - painting on the jacket) following the recognized international codes and standards (DNV RP-B-401, ISO 15589-2.

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Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coatings (FBE) and Disbondment

Product Number: 51316-7246-SG

ISBN: 7246 2016 CP

Author: Mehrooz Zamanzadeh

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

In this paper, failure analysis methodology will be applied to the principal mechanisms by which FBE coatings fail during long term service; with specific application to case studies involving blistering. The case studies apply standard failure analysis techniques to determine the primary causes and modes of failures.

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Galvanic Corrosion Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Product Number: MECC23-20192-SG

Author: Laith Haboubi; George Sergi C.Eng.; David Whitmore P.Eng

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structural elements is a major worldwide problem [1]. Chlorides can be introduced into the concrete via de-icing salts, seawater, high salinity groundwater or sabkha soils [1.2]. This leads to localised breakdown of the normally passive steel reinforcement in the form of pitting corrosion [2].

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Guidelines For The Collection Of Reliable And Practicable ECDA Indirect Inspection Data

Product Number: 51322-17978-SG

Author: Miqdaad Fatakdawala

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) is formally listed as an acceptable integrity assessment method within Subpart O, Part 192 of the code of federal regulations regarding gas transmission pipeline integrity management2. It is a 4 step continuous improvement process to identify and address locations where external corrosion activity has occurred, is occurring or may occur1. In the pre-assessment phase, a comprehensive right-of-way inspection is performed, and pipeline operability data is collected to verify the feasibility of conducting a full ECDA for the pipeline under evaluation. In the indirect inspection phase, the status of cathodic protection and pipeline coating is tested using methods such as Close Interval Potential Surveys (CIPS) and Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) surveys.

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High-strength Nickel Low Alloy Steels for Oil and Gas Equipment: ASTM A508 Grade 4N under cathodic protection and simulated sour environments.

Product Number: 51320-14706-SG

Author: Andreas Viereckl, Esteban Rodoni, Zakaria Quadir, Garry Leadbeater and Mariano Iannuzzi, Yuta Honma

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Low alloy steels (LASs) combine relatively low cost with exceptional mechanical properties, making LASs commonplace in Oil and Gas equipment. However, the strength and hardness of LASs for sour environments and for applications that generate atomic hydrogen at the surface, e.g., cathodic protection, is limited to prevent different forms of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) such as hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). As a result, the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) of forged LASs for, e.g., subsea components, rarely exceeds 550 MPa (80 ksi), while the most common pipeline steels are API(1) X65 to X70, with a SMYS of 450 MPa (65 ksi) and 482 MPa (70 ksi), respectively. Moreover, ISO(2) 15156-2 restricts LASs to a maximum of 1.0 wt% Ni due to SSC concerns. The LASs that exceed the ISO 15156-2 limit have to be qualified for service, lowering their commercial appeal.

In this work, the HSC resistance of the high-nickel (3.41 wt%), quenched and tempered (Q&T), nuclear-grade ASTM(3) A508 Gr.4N LAS was investigated using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) as a function of applied cathodic potential. Results showed that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were unaffected by hydrogen, even at a high negative potential of -2.0 VAg/AgCl. HE effects were observed once the material started necking, manifested by a loss in ductility with increasing applied cathodic potentials. Indeed, A508 Gr.4N was less affected by H at high cathodic potentials than a low-strength (YS = 340 MPa) ferritic-pearlitic LAS of similar nickel content. SSRT results were linked to microstructure features, which were characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).

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Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Method Pipe Update

Product Number: 51323-18948-SG

Author: Joe Pikas

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The case history will discuss HDD methodology and challenges. With all the benefits of HDD comes the disadvantages especially from pipeline maintenance, corrosion control and integrity management. HDD can impose additional strain on the pipeline during the pull through process and can increase both installation stress and operational stress. HDD installed pipeline crossings are deep and could easily become low points for liquid hold up causing flow issues.

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Horizontal Directional Drilling In External Pipeline Coating Integrity

Product Number: 51322-17785-SG

Author: Eric Pintueles

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The purpose of the “Bore Test” is to know the external quality of the coating after the installation of the pipe section, as picture 1. NACE standard “TM-102-2002-SG”1a defines four kinds of coating quality such as: excellent, good, fair and poor. To know the final quality of coating with this procedure. It was used two different electrical tests. DC current test using minimum voltage drop method and, the 3 pole test which is called by the same manufacture of the Multifunction Ground Resistance tester.

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How Informative is Your Annual CP Survey Potential Data? - A Statistical Analysis

Product Number: 51324-21219-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden; Len Krissa; Keith Parker; Cedar Osmond

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the United States, gas and hazardous liquid pipelines are regulated by Section 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 192 and 195 respectively. It is in these regulations where guidance for the location and frequency is required to “have sufficient test stations or other contact points for electrical measurement to determine the adequacy of cathodic protection.” Historically, many operators in the United States have placed test stations at typically a 1-to-3-mile interval to demonstrate compliance with the associated regulations. A statistical analysis was performed on the annual test station data on multiple pipelines to show how meaningful this data is towards understanding the overall cathodic protection effectiveness. The priority of CP application needs to be from a corrosion prevention perspective rather than one driven strictly by regulatory compliance.

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Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility in Corrosion Resistant Materials for Fasteners

Product Number: 51323-18763-SG

Author: Hans Husby, Inge Morten Kulbotten, Gisle Rørvik

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

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Improved Cathodic Protection Current Distribution for Above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms Due to Low Resistivity Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor Use

Product Number: 51322-17666-SG

Author: Sujay Math

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In this paper, the CP current distribution with changing resistivities and the area of influence required to meet effective CP criteria, is studied. The results indicate that the tank pad electrolyte resistivity plays a significant role in achieving uniform CP current distribution. The paper also explores the use of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) and its effect on electrolyte resistivity and the resulting CP current distribution.

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Improving Cathodic Protection Pipeline Integrity Monitoring Data in the Time of IIoT and Big Data

Product Number: 51321-16259-SG

Author: Tony da Costa; Matt Barrett

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Improving Integrity Management Decision Making Using Automated Calibration Of Model Predictions Using CP Survey Data

Product Number: 51322-17557-SG

Author: Robert Adey, Madhu Sudan Sapkota, John Baynham, Edward Apeh, Cristina Peratta

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In this paper, a case study is presented for a marine structure for which modelling has been used to predict the protection potentials over the life of the structure.

The aim of any digital transformation of integrity management and in particular corrosion control is the improvement of communication efficiency, planning efficiency and maintenance efficiency. Key issues are predictive maintenance and clarity of the information available so engineers can make informed decisions. Therefore it is not just a question of collecting more information but also the way that information is used and shared with the decision-makers.

Products tagged with 'cathodic protection'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance