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The objective of the testing was to establish the pH and temperature boundaries for use of stainless steels UNS S30403 and UNS S31603 in steam condensate. The tests had a parallel objective of demonstrating the extent and morphology of corrosion damage found under controlled conditions
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An artificial geothermal water was used to investigate the performance of high alloyed materials. The electrolyte has pH 4 and contains 1,500 mg/l Cl-, 20 mg/l SO42-, 15 mg/l HCO3-, 200 mg/l Ca2+, 250 mg/l K+, and 600 mg/l Na+.
A 3-week corrosion testing of UNS N06625 was conducted in supercritical fluid at 350°C and 10 bars to simulate a geothermal environment where other alloys had been tested. Some localized corrosion occurred at a rate similar to previous results.
A commercial corrosion inhibitor was used to quantify the level of corrosion mitigation of K55 casing material in simulated acidic geothermal electrolyte at different pH values and inhibitor concentrations.
The IDDP-1 well was the hottest flowing geothermal well in the world ~ 450 °C and 140 bar superheated steam that contained corrosive dissolved gases, H2S, CO2, H2, HCl and HF. The well had to be closed. Steel samples from down-hole were analyzed.
This paper will focus on the laboratory corrosion testing of UNS R53400, R56404 and N06625 in a simulated hypersaline geothermal system, such as found in the Salton Sea KGRA.
Picture for Challenges and Solutions with Polymer, Polymer-Like Carbon, and Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings Against Geothermal Scaling and Corrosion Picture for Challenges and Solutions with Polymer, Polymer-Like Carbon, and Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings Against Geothermal Scaling and Corrosion.
Nga Awa Purua geothermal power station (NAP) operates a conventional direct contact condenser with recirculating cooling water and forced air cooling towers. The power station is located at the Rotokawa Geothermal field, near Taupō in the North Island of New Zealand. The field supports two power stations: NAP, which was commissioned in 2010 with an installed capacity of 140 MW; and Rotokawa I, a binary power plant which has been in operation since 1997.
Several components in geothermal power plants need to be protected from the environment due to the corrosive nature of geothermal fluids used to generate the energy. Depending on the fluid properties for any location, the type of protection varies. In geothermal power plants, wear, erosion, corrosion, and scaling are all known problems1. These issues can lead to a variety of outcomes, ranging from decreased plant efficiency to upstream component failure. Failure of a component is thus a significant challenge in the geothermal industry, where materials need to operate in high temperature and high pressure environments. A major cost factor is also linked to the drilling of geothermal wells, where cost rises due to increased depth/distance of drilling, increased trip times, higher high temperature and high-pressure conditions which can lead to increased wear and corrosion of the materials. To address the issue, coatings can be considered to be a potential solution to extend the service life of downhole equipment.
Geothermal energy is a cost-effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solution to produce electricity using the energy resources available underground. Binary plants are becoming more popular as it helps extract the most enthalpy. In binary plants, brine is cooled to its lowest possible temperature to maximize energy extraction.
This case study highlights the challenges facing designers of equipment required to operate in geothermal environments. It describes the failure of a non-condensable gas extraction pump at the Nga Awa Purua Power Station (NAP) which has a capacity of 140 MW. The station is located near Taupo in the North Island of New Zealand (Figure 1) and was commissioned in 2010.