AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'geothermal'

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Geothermal Corrosion: High-Temperature Pitting of Stainless Steels and Ni-Alloys

Product Number: 51317--9269-SG

ISBN: 9269 2017 CP

Author: Walter Bogaerts

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The temperature dependence of the pitting corrosion resistance of a number of stainless steels, Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo materials in a series of high-temperature high-pressure chloride solutions, with or without addition of various (inhibitive) anions: SO4=, HCO3-, PO43-, OH-, etc.

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Hydrogeochemical Modelling to Monitor Scaling and Corrosion during Geothermal Energy Production

Product Number: 51317--9044-SG

ISBN: 9044 2017 CP

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Suitability and potential benefit of using hydrogeochemical modelling to monitor scaling and corrosion during geothermal exploration and production in the high-salinity geothermal area of the North German Basin was explored.

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Importance of Steel Alloying Elements in Geothermal Environment – Nickel Sulphur Interactions

Product Number: 51321-16435-SG

Author: Svava Davíðsdóttir/Andri Í. Þórhallsson/Sæmundur Guðlaug/Kolbrún Ragna Ragnarsdóttir//Dagur Ingi Ólafsson/sson/James D. Maddison

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Influence Of Brine Precipitates On Materials Performance In Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51323-18813-SG

Author: Anastasia Stoljarova, Ralph Bäßler, Simona Regenspurg

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Since geothermal reservoirs are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply, many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless, due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, service conditions in geothermal facilities are demanding in many cases in terms of corrosion. Therefore, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities.

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Integrated Coating System For Corrosion Protection Of Carbon Steel In Artificial Geothermal Brine

Product Number: 51322-17708-SG

Author: Gabriela Aristia, Le Quynh Hoa, Ralph Bäßler

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Geothermal energy is a promising choice for alternative energy resources due to its reliability and low CO₂ emissions. One way to harness this energy, is to extract hot fluid from a geothermal well. Geothermal fluids are a complex medium with different physical and chemical properties depending on the location and depth of a geothermal well. Thus, these fluids can be corrosive to the geothermal power plant depending on the corrosivity class. The geothermal power plant consists of various parts, such as pipelines and heat exchangers. For continuous power generation, this power plant should be safe and durable. Therefore, it is important to protect the infrastructure in this environment from corrosion.

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Materials Selection Challenges for Geothermal Energy Projects

Product Number: 51317--9258-SG

ISBN: 9258 2017 CP

Author: Keith Lichti

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes some of the materials and process challenges facing geothermal energy developers targeting efficiency improvements and extremes of aggressive geothermal fluid chemistries and temperatures.

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Metal Sulfide Scale Inhibitors

Product Number: 51320-14459-SG

Author: Konstantinos D. Demadis, Argyro Spinthaki, George Petratos, Juergen Matheis, Duygu Disci-Zayed, Wolfgang Hater

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Metal sulfide mineral scaling, fouling and deposition are frequently encountered problems in geothermal systems. Their formation, crystallization and deposition occur principally because of their extremely low solubility, based on the low solubility product (Ksp). Among the metal sulfides that cause problematic issues, the most common ones are iron sulfide (FeS), zinc sulfide (ZnS), lead sulfide (PbS), and, less frequently, antimony sulfide(s) (Sb2S3 and Sb2S5). Zinc sulfide, for example, has a Ksp of 2·10-25 mol²/L², whereas for PbS, it is 1·10-28 mol²/L² (~ three orders of magnitude less soluble). ZnS can precipitate either as Sphalerite or Zinc Blende, and PbS commonly crystallizes as Galena. Mitigation of such ZnS and PbS precipitates and deposits can be achieved by chemical interventions, by the addition of organic chemical additives to the water. Herein, we report the inhibitory effects of phosphonate-based chemical additives for ZnS and PbS scales. These additives can inhibit formation of sulfide scale, and, significantly, prevent its deposition on metal surfaces. The efficiency of these additives is dosage-dependent, and relatively high inhibitor concentrations are needed for their inhibitory activity to take place. Possible mechanisms will be discussed focusing on inhibition and dispersion.

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Methodologies to Evaluate Corrosion of Carbon and Stainless Steels in Artificial Geothermal Solutions

Product Number: 51324-20716-SG

Author: Gabriela Aristia; Sabrina Marcelin; Nicolas Mary; Gaurav R. Joshi; Francois Grosjean

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion and scaling are some of the most common challenges in geothermal applications due to the complex brine chemistry combined with the high temperatures and pressures, and the gaseous components. To study mineral scaling at metallic surfaces, appropriate corrosion tests representing the real geothermal reservoir and operating conditions must be selected. This paper focus on the reconstruction of thermal gradients between geothermal fluids and the steel walls of wells and heat exchanger tubes, in laboratory and autoclave flow loop tests (up to 200°C and 300 bar), to simulate scaling and corrosion conditions. The implementation of an electrochemical measurement device makes it possible to monitor changes to the electrochemical behaviour of steel subjected to thermal gradients in these environments and so the corrosion response and in situ evolution of scales. Results from carbon steels (N80 and P110) and stainless steel (13Cr) in artificial geothermal brines representative of Dogger and Soultz geothermal wells in France are presented.

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Microstructural characterization and Corrosion-wear properties of Graphene oxide/ Polytetrafluoroethylene Coatings for Geothermal Drilling Applications

Product Number: 51321-16474-SG

Author: Gifty Oppong Boakye/Danyil Kovalov/Erlend Oddvin Straume/Beatrice Alonso Rodriguez/Danyil Kovalov/Sigrun Nanna Karlsdottir

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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On The Performance Of UNS S32100 vs N08825 Expansion Compensator Materials In Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51322-17790-SG

Author: Keith Lichti, Soroor Ghaziof

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Geothermal fluid pipelines experience temperature changes on startup and shutdown that can be of the order 300 °C. Carbon steel pipeline design can include expansion loops and direction changes to allow for thermal expansion and contraction for the long lengths of pipeline commonly used from geothermal production wells to the geothermal power station and from the station to reinjection wells. In some instances, expansion compensators are used where there is insufficient area for such loops or where the pipe diameter is prohibitively large.

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Revolutionizing Non-Metallic GRE Tubulars in Downhole Applications: First Deployment of Hybrid Coupler in a Geothermal Well: Case Study

Product Number: MECC23-20002-SG

Author: Ralph El-Mir; Ghassan Zein; Adil al Mahasna

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As the petroleum and energy industries relentlessly push boundaries to achieve operational efficiency and sustainability, the materials they utilize come under increasing analysis. Historically dominated by metallic components, downhole applications are witnessing a transformative shift towards non-metallic composite material such as Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) tubulars. These non-metallic solutions guarantees enhanced durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to the corrosive environment.

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Scaling Risk Assessment and Remediation in Geothermal Operations Using a Novel Theoretical Approach

Product Number: 51324-20701-SG

Author: Gaurav Das; Jerzy Kosinski; Ronald D. Springer; Andre Anderko

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Geothermal power holds immense potential as a renewable energy source with low emissions utilizing the Earth's natural heat to generate electricity. With growing concerns over climate change and the need for sustainable energy alternatives, geothermal power can provide energy independence, economic benefits, and versatility. Mineral scaling has been recognized as a major hindrance in seamless geothermal operations due to the harsh and diverse operating conditions, which can cause significant issues resulting in higher operating costs while reducing energy production's efficiency and overall economic feasibility. Therefore, there is a growing need for a tool that can help in designing preventive and remedial strategies against mineral scaling and, in effect, ensure seamless operation while reducing costs associated with equipment failure. A few of the most commonly occurring scales in geothermal operations across different regions are amorphous silica (SiO2), metal silicates, and calcite (CaCO3). Formulating an effective theoretical framework to identify the critical conditions and characteristics of scaling solids is imperative in devising preventive and/or remedial measures. This multi-faceted problem requires the simultaneous modeling of solution thermodynamics and kinetics. In this work, we propose a novel modeling scheme through the incorporation of the classical nucleation theory (CNT) with the Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic model. While MSE assesses scaling risk based on the effective evaluation of the solution chemistry, CNT provides kinetic information, i.e., an estimate of induction time, based on the continuum thermodynamics treatment of clusters. This work focuses on applying the novel theoretical approach in providing accurate thermodynamic modeling of the scales and subsequent applications of the kinetic modeling in deriving remedial techniques. The theoretical framework aims to provide a consistent approach for testing various what-if scenarios and aid in making the best operational solution in the development of flow assurance.

Products tagged with 'geothermal'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance