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Ph-Responsive Copolymers As Silica Scale Inhibitors

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Silicon is an important element of our Planet’s crust, which is transferred into water streams through dissolution.1 Hence, it is usually found as water-soluble silicate or colloidal silica in natural surface waters (sea, rivers, lakes), or underground waters. When such water is used for industrial purposes (eg. industrial cooling), silicate can enter the operating system and can pose a threat to its proper operation. The main reason is the solubility of amorphous silica, a product of the silicate polycondensation process.

Product Number: 51322-17703-SG
Author: Georgia Skordalou, Konstantinos D. Demadis
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings and Linings , Coatings
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In the present work two synthetic co-polymers, U-PVPyPEGMA-H and Q-PVPyPEGMA-H, with pyridine and polyethylene glycol grafts on a methacrylate backbone, were studied for their potential to influence silicic acid polycondensation in vitro in silicate-supersaturated (500 ppm, 8.3 mM) aqueous solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of several experimental parameters on the silicic acid polycondencation process. Working pH plays a significant role on the silicification reaction either in the absence or presence of polymers. In the presence of polymers, pH affects the protonation state of the pyridine N atom, transforming U-PVPyPEGMA, for example, from a silica formation catalyst (at pH=5.0) to a silicic acid stabilizer (at pH = 7.0). Furthermore, the state of N atom on the pyridine ring (non-protonated, protonated, quaternized) strongly affects the silicic acid autocondensation process. Based on our results, a “free” (non-protonated) pyridine ring induces silica inhibition, whereas protonation or quaternization enhances silica formation. Another parameter that was studied was the concentration of the polymers. As the concentration is increased, enhances the silicic acid stabilization activity or the catalytic activity of the polymers. Polymer MW was found to have no major effect on polymer activity either as stabilizers or catalysts.

In the present work two synthetic co-polymers, U-PVPyPEGMA-H and Q-PVPyPEGMA-H, with pyridine and polyethylene glycol grafts on a methacrylate backbone, were studied for their potential to influence silicic acid polycondensation in vitro in silicate-supersaturated (500 ppm, 8.3 mM) aqueous solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of several experimental parameters on the silicic acid polycondencation process. Working pH plays a significant role on the silicification reaction either in the absence or presence of polymers. In the presence of polymers, pH affects the protonation state of the pyridine N atom, transforming U-PVPyPEGMA, for example, from a silica formation catalyst (at pH=5.0) to a silicic acid stabilizer (at pH = 7.0). Furthermore, the state of N atom on the pyridine ring (non-protonated, protonated, quaternized) strongly affects the silicic acid autocondensation process. Based on our results, a “free” (non-protonated) pyridine ring induces silica inhibition, whereas protonation or quaternization enhances silica formation. Another parameter that was studied was the concentration of the polymers. As the concentration is increased, enhances the silicic acid stabilization activity or the catalytic activity of the polymers. Polymer MW was found to have no major effect on polymer activity either as stabilizers or catalysts.

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Polymeric Silica Scale Inhibitors: Computational Predictions And Experimental Studies On Inhibitor Efficiencies

Product Number: 51322-17706-SG
Author: Efstratios Korhatzis, Konstantinos Xanthopoulos, Konstantinos D. Demadis
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Inorganic scaling and fouling are undesirable processes occurring in process waters that are supersaturated with respect to scaling cations and anions. Mineral scaling is the result of nucleation and crystal growth phenomena that follow predictable pathways. This is because the mineral scales are composed of well-defined crystalline salts, the most common being calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate dehydrate (gypsum), metal sulfides, depending on the particular water chemistry and operational parameters (eg. temperature).
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Product Number: 51322-17727-SG
Author: Zahid Amjad, Peter G. Koutsoukos, Panagiota D. Natsi
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Fouling of equipment surface by unwanted materials is a well-documented problem in
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Pitting Corrosion Resistance Of UNS S32202 Welds: Bulk Microstructure Vs Surface Behaviour

Product Number: 51322-17913-SG
Author: Veronica SCHEIBER, Pauline HUGUENIN, Jérôme BRIDEL, Florent KRAJCARZ, Vincent VIGNAL
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