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This paper summarizes work performed to evaluate a phenomenon that can occur in electrical cable insulation polymers during the aging process. This phenomenon, the copper catalytic effect, occurs because of diffusion of copper ions from the conductor into the insulation polymers during the aging process. In this research, the copper catalytic effects observed in cross-linked polyethylene, cross-linked polyolefin, and ethylene propylene rubber insulation subjected to thermal accelerated aging at both 120˚C and 130 ˚C were evaluated. In addition, the insulation polymers from cables removed from service in operating nuclear power plants were also evaluated to determine if this effect is prevalent for naturally aged materials. The results acquired from this work were used to characterize the copper catalytic effects observed in these polymers, analyze how this phenomenon affects the degradation process of the materials, and determine the impact that the copper catalytic effect has on condition monitoring data acquired during the aging process.
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Operators have used a variety of strategies to maximize oil well productivity. One such technology is matrix acidizing, which is intended to boost fluid output by improving the drainage efficiency of the reservoir rock surrounding the wellbore [1]. It comprises injecting a strong acid solution into an oil well in order to dissolve and remove formation damage caused by drilling and completion operations, as well as to establish new production paths in production formations [1].
The power plant is a natural gas-fired, combined cycle plant with three combustion turbines and a single steam turbine. A large stainless steel surface condenser is used to condense steam off of the turbine, and provide high purity steam condensate return to the boiler system. The steam condenser was put into service approximately 15 years ago. This plant takes makeup water for its open recirculating cooling tower water system from a river location that is inland from an ocean coastal area.
Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete bridges is a major concern for the structural integrity, long-term durability, and maintenance of the highway infrastructure. Statistics from a national study in 2002 indicated that approximately 15% of the national bridge inventory is structurally deficient because of corrosion and the national annual direct cost exceeded $8 billion.1 In the state of Florida, the typical design life expectation for the >6,000 bridges in the state highway infrastructure exceed 75 years.
The Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at the Hanford nuclear-waste storage facility is a waste treatmentfacility permitted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). The facility removes radioactive and hazardous contaminants from various sources such as condensate wastewatergenerated by 242-A Evaporator campaigns, groundwater projects, solid waste disposal facilities, andother Hanford clean-up activities. The waste processed by the ETF is substantially more dilute than thewaste stored in the tanks.
The essence of this paper is to talk about internal corrosion found in deadleg piping at the Enbridge Gas Transmission, & Midstream (GTM) Egan Hub Partners Storage Facility and especially how the corrosion was evaluated after the deadlegs were removed. The salt dome cavern storage facility is in south central Louisiana. The internal corrosion was found in the piping that comes from the storage caverns and goes through pressure reduction stations and then through dehydrations systems.
Carbon capture and storage as well as sequestration (CCS) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been gaining immense importance in recent times as one of the practically achievable solutions to reduce global CO2 emissions, especially from industrial sources and thus reduce global warming. The use of different commercially available amine formulations is a well-established and widely used technology to capture the CO2 gas from industrial gas streams. Amines in liquid form, mostly mixed with water as well as in solid form, many times incorporated in nanomaterials are used to capture CO2 from industrial gas streams, eg., tail gas from power plants.
Cesium formate (CsFo) brines have been used as the drilling and/or completion fluids in oil and gas wells in need of high-density fluids.1,2 Multiple studies on corrosion of steels and corrosion resistance alloys (CRA) in formate environments have been reported in the literature.2-8 It was known that the formate brines could undergo significant decomposition to form hydrogen when in contact with catalytic surfaces which CRA can act as. Therefore, there have been concerns that the CRA may catalyze the decomposition of formate brines to accelerate the generation of hydrogen which in turn may embrittle certain CRAs and endanger the relevant well equipment.
Hydrogen gas (H2) is touted for potential as future fuel as it could be a way to convert excess energy produced when demand is lower. Depending on the source of excess energy used for conversion to Hydrogen this process could have low or no carbon footprint. This Hydrogen gas could then be stored and used for electricity, transportation, chemical processes when the demand arises similar to how natural gas is being used currently. Thus, storage of Hydrogen in vast volumes would be one of the key elements for the success of Hydrogen as a future fuel